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PMID: 15040784 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

Signalling to actin assembly via the WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein)-family proteins and the Arp2/3 complex.

The Biochemical journal ·Vol. 380 ·No. Pt 1 ·2004-05-15 ·Pages 1-17

Millard TH, Sharp SJ, Machesky LM

Abstract

The assembly of a branched network of actin filaments provides the mechanical propulsion that drives a range of dynamic cellular processes, including cell motility. The Arp2/3 complex is a crucial component of such filament networks. Arp2/3 nucleates new actin filaments while bound to existing filaments, thus creating a branched network. In recent years, a number of proteins that activate the filament nucleation activity of Arp2/3 have been identified, most notably the WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) family. WASP-family proteins activate the Arp2/3 complex, and consequently stimulate actin assembly, in response to extracellular signals. Structural studies have provided a significant refinement in our understanding of the molecular detail of how the Arp2/3 complex nucleates actin filaments. There has also been much progress towards an understanding of the complicated signalling processes that regulate WASP-family proteins. In addition, the use of gene disruption in a number of organisms has led to new insights into the specific functions of individual WASP-family members. The present review will discuss the Arp2/3 complex and its regulators, in particular the WASP-family proteins. Emphasis will be placed on recent developments in the field that have furthered our understanding of actin dynamics and cell motility.

MeSH Terms
Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism,ultrastructure Actin-Related Protein 2 Actin-Related Protein 3 Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism Animals Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism,ultrastructure Humans Macromolecular Substances Mice Mice, Knockout Microscopy, Electron Models, Molecular Morphogenesis Plant Proteins/metabolism Protein Conformation Protein Structure, Tertiary Proteins/metabolism Protozoan Proteins/metabolism Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/metabolism Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein
Chemicals
ACTR2 protein, human ACTR3 protein, human Actin-Related Protein 2 Actin-Related Protein 3 Actr2 protein, mouse Actr3 protein, mouse Cytoskeletal Proteins Macromolecular Substances Plant Proteins Proteins Protozoan Proteins Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins WAS protein, human Was protein, mouse Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Adenosine Triphosphate
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Millard Thomas H
School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
Sharp Stewart J
Machesky Laura M
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Article Info
Journal
The Biochemical journal
Abbr.
Biochem J
ISSN
1470-8728
DOI
10.1042/BJ20040176
Published
2004-05-15
Pages
1-17
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
2984726R
PMCID
PMC1224166
Subset
IM
Grants
Medical Research Council · G117/379 · United Kingdom
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1042/BJ20040176 PMC Full Text View journal details
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