Purinoceptors mediating relaxation and spasm in the rat gastric fundus.

1. The relaxant and spasmogenic effects of purines and analogues were studied in longitudinal strips of rat gastric fundus to characterize the purinoceptors involved. Classification was studied by use of agonist potency orders and of antagonists in circumstances where the influence of confounding factors was reduced. In general tone was raised by carbachol (0.1 microM). 2. Adenosine produced relaxation and was potentiated by nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI, 0.3 and 30 microM), an adenosine-uptake inhibitor. 8-Sulphophenyl-theophylline (8-SPT, 30 microM), a selective P1-purinoceptor antagonist, antagonized adenosine and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), a selective agonist at P1-purinoceptors. 3. At resting tone, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) induced a small, phasic relaxation followed by a maintained spasm. When tone was raised by carbachol, ATP induced a larger relaxation followed by a smaller spasm. NBTI did not potentiate ATP, nor did 8-SPT antagonize ATP, suggesting that ATP does not act directly or indirectly at P1-purinoceptors. 4. With raised tone, and in the presence of indomethacin (10 microM) and 8-SPT (30 microM), 2-methylthio ATP (2-MeSATP) and ATP produced relaxations followed by spasms while alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alpha,beta-MeATP) induced only relaxation; all responses were concentration-dependent. The compounds had similar slopes and maxima for relaxation and spasm. The rank orders of potency were 2-MeSATP much greater than alpha,beta-MeATP greater than ATP for relaxation and 2-MeSATP much greater than ATP for spasm.5. With raised tone, and in the presence of indomethacin and alpha 8-SPT, desensitization to alpha,beta-MeATP (100microM) completely and only slightly suppressed responses to ATP and 2-MeSATP, respectively, as relaxants but had no effect on relaxant responses to adenosine. The magnitude of the spasms to ATP and 2-MeSATP was considerably increased by desensitization with alpha,beta-MeATP but the spasm to KCl was not affected.6. With raised tone, and in the presence of indomethacin and 8-SPT, reactive blue 2 (10 AM) nonselectively antagonized ATP, 2-MeATP, a,P-MeATP, adenosine and isoprenaline as relaxants. Reactive blue 2 prevented the spasms to ATP and 2-MeSATP but not spasm to KC1.7. With raised tone, and in the presence of indomethacin, suramin (100 microM) antagonized ATP, but not adenosine, as relaxants and antagonized ATP, but not KC1, as spasmogens.8. It is proposed that adenosine is susceptible to nucleoside-specific uptake and acts predominantly via a P,-purinoceptor and also by a non-PI-purinoceptor mechanism. ATP- and alpha,beta-MeATP-induced relaxations probably occur via a P2x-purinoceptor. The anomalous nature of the 2-MeSATP-induced relaxation suggests it acts both via a P2x-purinoceptor and an additional mechanism. A P2y-purinoceptor is most likely to be involved in the spasms to ATP and 2-MeSATP. Therefore, the functional nature of the responses mediated by P2X- and P2y-purinoceptors, relaxation and spasm respectively, are opposite to those seen in most smooth muscles.