Abstract
For this study, we isolated Helicobacter pylori from wastewater by a series of steps beginning with immunomagnetic separation and cell culture. After Gram staining and three standard microbial tests, the 16S rRNA sequences of a total of 23 out of 37 putative H. pylori isolates were verified by PCR. Eleven H. pylori isolates were genotyped and fell into four vacA classes: those with the vacA allelic variants s1a and m1, s1b and m1, s2 and m2, or s2 and m1. Most H. pylori isolates were of the vacA s1a/m1 type, which has been shown to be associated with advanced diseases based on genotyping of H. pylori from gastric cancer patients. These results demonstrated that H. pylori survives in water and may be a potential source of H. pylori transmission, especially where water is not adequately treated.
MeSH Terms
Bacterial Proteins/genetics
Culture Media
DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
Genotype
Helicobacter pylori/classification,genetics,isolation & purification
Immunomagnetic Separation
Molecular Sequence Data
Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Sewage/microbiology
Chemicals
Bacterial Proteins
Culture Media
DNA, Ribosomal
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Sewage
VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori
Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Lu Yingzhi
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
Redlinger Thomas E
Avitia Raquel
Galindo Adriana
Goodman Karen
References (21)
21 references, click to expand
-
Helicobacter pylori infection in the Colombian Andes: a population-based study of transmission pathways.
Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Aug 1;144(3):290-9
PMID: 8686698
-
Helicobacter pylori in the drinking water in Peru.
Gastroenterology. 1996 Apr;110(4):1031-5
PMID: 8612990
-
A newly developed PCR assay of H. pylori in gastric biopsy, saliva, and feces. Evidence of high prevalence of H. pylori in saliva supports oral transmission.
Dig Dis Sci. 1996 Nov;41(11):2142-9
PMID: 8943965
-
The complete genome sequence of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori.
Nature. 1997 Aug 7;388(6642):539-47
PMID: 9252185
-
Presence of Helicobacter species DNA in Swedish water.
J Appl Microbiol. 1998 Aug;85(2):282-6
PMID: 9750301
-
Allelic diversity of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin gene in South Africa: rarity of the vacA s1a genotype and natural occurrence of an s2/m1 allele.
J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Apr;37(4):1203-5
PMID: 10074554
-
Geographic distribution of vacA allelic types of Helicobacter pylori.
Gastroenterology. 1999 Apr;116(4):823-30
PMID: 10092304
-
Age distribution of Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence among young children in a United States/Mexico border community: evidence for transitory infection.
Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Aug 1;150(3):225-30
PMID: 10430225
-
Colonization of Mexican patients by multiple Helicobacter pylori strains with different vacA and cagA genotypes.
J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Sep;37(9):3001-4
PMID: 10449490
-
Occurrence of Helicobacter pylori in surface water in the United States.
J Appl Microbiol. 1999 Nov;87(5):697-701
PMID: 10594710
-
Seroprevalence and ethnic differences in Helicobacter pylori infection among adults in the United States.
J Infect Dis. 2000 Apr;181(4):1359-63
PMID: 10762567
-
vacA genotypes in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from children with and without duodenal ulcer in Brazil.
J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Aug;38(8):2853-7
PMID: 10921938
-
Helicobacter pylori vacA and cagA genotypes in Mexican adults and children.
J Infect Dis. 2000 Nov;182(5):1450-4
PMID: 11023467
-
Water source as risk factor for Helicobacter pylori infection in Peruvian children. Gastrointestinal Physiology Working Group.
Lancet. 1991 Jun 22;337(8756):1503-6
PMID: 1675369
-
Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal disease.
Annu Rev Med. 1992;43:135-45
PMID: 1580578
-
Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori in southern China: identification of early childhood as the critical period for acquisition.
J Infect Dis. 1992 Jul;166(1):149-53
PMID: 1607687
-
PCR identification of Helicobacter pylori in faeces from gastritis patients.
Lancet. 1993 Feb 13;341(8842):447
PMID: 8094221
-
Divergence of genetic sequences for the vacuolating cytotoxin among Helicobacter pylori strains.
J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 8;269(14):10566-73
PMID: 8144644
-
Mosaicism in vacuolating cytotoxin alleles of Helicobacter pylori. Association of specific vacA types with cytotoxin production and peptic ulceration.
J Biol Chem. 1995 Jul 28;270(30):17771-7
PMID: 7629077
-
Immunomagnetic separation and PCR for detection of Helicobacter pylori in water and stool specimens.
J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Aug;33(8):2162-5
PMID: 7559969
-
Detection of Helicobacter pylori in paraffin-embedded gastric biopsy specimens by in situ hybridization.
Am J Clin Pathol. 1996 Sep;106(3):305-11
PMID: 8816586