Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 10989308 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Viral mechanisms of immune evasion.

Trends in microbiology ·Vol. 8 ·No. 9 ·2000-09-00 ·Pages 410-8

Alcami A, Koszinowski UH

Abstract

During the millions of years they have coexisted with their hosts, viruses have learned how to manipulate host immune control mechanisms. Viral gene functions provide an overview of many relevant principles in cell biology and immunology. Our knowledge of viral gene functions must be integrated into virus-host interaction networks to understand viral pathogenesis, and could lead to new anti-viral strategies and the ability to exploit viral functions as tools in medicine.

MeSH Terms
Antibody Formation Apoptosis Immunity, Cellular Interferons Major Histocompatibility Complex Receptors, Cytokine Virus Diseases/immunology
Chemicals
Receptors, Cytokine Interferons
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Alcami A
Divn of Virology, Dept of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1QP. aa258@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk
Koszinowski U H
References (46)
46 references, click to expand
  1. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encodes two proteins that block cell surface display of MHC class I chains by enhancing their endocytosis.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jul 5;97(14):8051-6 PMID: 10859362
  2. Immune evasion by cytomegalovirus--survival strategies of a highly adapted opportunist.
    Trends Microbiol. 1998 May;6(5):190-7 PMID: 9614343
  3. Viral subversion of the immune system.
    Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18:861-926 PMID: 10837078
  4. Signal transduction from the Epstein-Barr virus LMP-1 transforming protein.
    Trends Microbiol. 1998 May;6(5):175-7; discussion 177-8 PMID: 9614338
  5. Cytomegalovirus-encoded beta chemokine promotes monocyte-associated viremia in the host.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Sep 14;96(19):10881-6 PMID: 10485920
  6. One step ahead of the game: viral immunomodulatory molecules.
    Annu Rev Immunol. 1996;14:101-30 PMID: 8717509
  7. Transgenic expression of the chemokine receptor encoded by human herpesvirus 8 induces an angioproliferative disease resembling Kaposi's sarcoma.
    J Exp Med. 2000 Feb 7;191(3):445-54 PMID: 10662790
  8. Shared resources between the neural and immune systems: semaphorins join the ranks.
    Curr Opin Immunol. 1999 Aug;11(4):387-91 PMID: 10448143
  9. A poxvirus protein that binds to and inactivates IL-18, and inhibits NK cell response.
    J Immunol. 2000 Mar 15;164(6):3246-54 PMID: 10706717
  10. A viral mechanism for inhibition of the cellular phosphatase calcineurin.
    Science. 1998 Jul 24;281(5376):562-5 PMID: 9677199
  11. A novel vascular endothelial growth factor encoded by Orf virus, VEGF-E, mediates angiogenesis via signalling through VEGFR-2 (KDR) but not VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) receptor tyrosine kinases.
    EMBO J. 1999 Jan 15;18(2):363-74 PMID: 9889193
  12. Modulating chemokines: more lessons from viruses.
    Immunol Today. 2000 Feb;21(2):100-6 PMID: 10652469
  13. A cytomegalovirus-encoded mitochondria-localized inhibitor of apoptosis structurally unrelated to Bcl-2.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Oct 26;96(22):12536-41 PMID: 10535957
  14. Retrograde protein translocation: ERADication of secretory proteins in health and disease.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Jul;24(7):266-70 PMID: 10390615
  15. HIV-1 Tat protein mimicry of chemokines.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Oct 27;95(22):13153-8 PMID: 9789057
  16. Ectromelia virus virulence factor p28 acts upstream of caspase-3 in response to UV light-induced apoptosis.
    J Gen Virol. 2000 Apr;81(Pt 4):1087-97 PMID: 10725436
  17. Immune evasion by adenoviruses.
    Immunol Rev. 1999 Apr;168:121-30 PMID: 10399069
  18. Deletion of a CD2-like gene, 8-DR, from African swine fever virus affects viral infection in domestic swine.
    J Virol. 1998 Apr;72(4):2881-9 PMID: 9525608
  19. A broad spectrum secreted chemokine binding protein encoded by a herpesvirus.
    J Exp Med. 2000 Feb 7;191(3):573-8 PMID: 10662803
  20. Poxviral mimicry of complement and chemokine system components: what's the end game?
    Immunol Today. 2000 May;21(5):242-8 PMID: 10782056
  21. Orf virus encodes a novel secreted protein inhibitor of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2.
    J Virol. 2000 Feb;74(3):1313-20 PMID: 10627542
  22. Vaccinia virus immune evasion.
    Immunol Rev. 1997 Oct;159:137-54 PMID: 9416508
  23. Immunomodulation by viruses: the myxoma virus story.
    Immunol Rev. 1999 Apr;168:103-20 PMID: 10399068
  24. The luminal part of the murine cytomegalovirus glycoprotein gp40 catalyzes the retention of MHC class I molecules.
    EMBO J. 2000 Mar 1;19(5):870-81 PMID: 10698929
  25. Ectromelia, vaccinia and cowpox viruses encode secreted interleukin-18-binding proteins.
    J Gen Virol. 2000 May;81(Pt 5):1223-30 PMID: 10769064
  26. Human cytomegalovirus harbors its own unique IL-10 homolog (cmvIL-10).
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Feb 15;97(4):1695-700 PMID: 10677520
  27. Apoptosis: an innate immune response to virus infection.
    Trends Microbiol. 1999 Apr;7(4):160-5 PMID: 10217831
  28. IL-18 binding and inhibition of interferon gamma induction by human poxvirus-encoded proteins.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Sep 28;96(20):11537-42 PMID: 10500212
  29. Structure of a soluble secreted chemokine inhibitor vCCI (p35) from cowpox virus.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Oct 26;96(22):12379-83 PMID: 10535930
  30. Inhibition of MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation by gamma 2-herpesviruses.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jul 18;97(15):8455-60 PMID: 10890918
  31. Downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K3 and K5 proteins.
    J Virol. 2000 Jun;74(11):5300-9 PMID: 10799607
  32. Cutting edge: the human cytomegalovirus UL40 gene product contains a ligand for HLA-E and prevents NK cell-mediated lysis.
    J Immunol. 2000 May 15;164(10):5019-22 PMID: 10799855
  33. Virus attenuation after deletion of the cytomegalovirus Fc receptor gene is not due to antibody control.
    J Virol. 1998 Feb;72(2):1377-82 PMID: 9445038
  34. Human cytomegalovirus strain-dependent changes in NK cell recognition of infected fibroblasts.
    J Immunol. 2000 May 1;164(9):4775-82 PMID: 10779784
  35. Vaccinia virus strains Lister, USSR and Evans express soluble and cell-surface tumour necrosis factor receptors.
    J Gen Virol. 1999 Apr;80 ( Pt 4):949-959 PMID: 10211965
  36. A third distinct tumor necrosis factor receptor of orthopoxviruses.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Mar 31;95(7):3786-91 PMID: 9520445
  37. A comparison of viral immune escape strategies targeting the MHC class I assembly pathway.
    Immunol Rev. 1999 Apr;168:157-66 PMID: 10399072
  38. The equine herpesvirus 2 E1 open reading frame encodes a functional chemokine receptor.
    J Virol. 1999 Dec;73(12):9843-8 PMID: 10559296
  39. Interferons: cell signalling, immune modulation, antiviral response and virus countermeasures.
    J Gen Virol. 2000 Oct;81(Pt 10):2341-2364 PMID: 10993923
  40. Virus interception of cytokine-regulated pathways.
    Trends Microbiol. 1999 Apr;7(4):166-71 PMID: 10217832
  41. From sabotage to camouflage: viral evasion of cytotoxic T lymphocyte and natural killer cell-mediated immunity.
    Semin Cell Dev Biol. 1998 Jun;9(3):369-78 PMID: 9705659
  42. M11L: a novel mitochondria-localized protein of myxoma virus that blocks apoptosis of infected leukocytes.
    J Exp Med. 2000 May 1;191(9):1487-98 PMID: 10790424
  43. A highly selective CC chemokine receptor (CCR)8 antagonist encoded by the poxvirus molluscum contagiosum.
    J Exp Med. 2000 Jan 3;191(1):171-80 PMID: 10620615
  44. The human cytomegalovirus chemokine receptor US28 mediates vascular smooth muscle cell migration.
    Cell. 1999 Nov 24;99(5):511-20 PMID: 10589679
  45. Surface expression of HLA-E, an inhibitor of natural killer cells, enhanced by human cytomegalovirus gpUL40.
    Science. 2000 Feb 11;287(5455):1031 PMID: 10669413
  46. RANTES binding and down-regulation by a novel human herpesvirus-6 beta chemokine receptor.
    J Immunol. 2000 Mar 1;164(5):2396-404 PMID: 10679075
Article Info
Journal
Trends in microbiology
Abbr.
Trends Microbiol
ISSN
0966-842X
DOI
10.1016/s0966-842x(00)01830-8
Email
aa258@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk
Published
2000-09-00
Pages
410-8
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
9310916
PMCID
PMC7141568
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1016/s0966-842x(00)01830-8 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2