UBB基因编码泛素(ubiquitin)蛋白,是泛素基因家族(ubiquitin gene family)的成员之一。泛素是一种高度保守的小分子蛋白,广泛存在于真核生物中,主要功能是通过泛素-蛋白酶体系统(ubiquitin-proteasome system, UPS)标记需要降解的蛋白质,从而调控蛋白质的稳定性、定位和功能。泛素通过共价连接(ubiquitylation)附着在靶蛋白上,形成多泛素链(polyubiquitin chain),引导靶蛋白被26S蛋白酶体识别并降解。UBB基因与其他泛素基因(如UBA52、RPS27A)类似,编码的泛素蛋白序列完全相同,但基因结构和调控方式不同。UBB基因的突变可能导致泛素功能异常,进而影响蛋白质降解过程。例如,UBB基因的移码突变(frameshift mutation)可能产生截短的泛素蛋白(UBB+1),这种异常泛素会干扰正常泛素-蛋白酶体系统的功能,导致错误折叠蛋白的积累,与神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease)、帕金森病(Parkinson's disease)和亨廷顿病(Huntington's disease)的发生有关。UBB基因的过表达可能增强蛋白质降解能力,但过度激活泛素化可能导致重要功能蛋白的异常降解,影响细胞稳态;而UBB表达降低则可能削弱蛋白质质量控制,导致错误折叠蛋白堆积,引发细胞应激甚至凋亡。泛素基因家族的共性在于其成员均编码泛素蛋白,参与蛋白质降解、DNA修复、信号转导等关键细胞过程,且通常以多拷贝形式存在以确保泛素供应的稳定性。UBB基因在维持细胞蛋白质平衡中起核心作用,其功能异常与多种疾病密切相关。
This gene encodes ubiquitin, one of the most conserved proteins known. Ubiquitin has a major role in targeting cellular proteins for degradation by the 26S proteosome. It is also involved in the maintenance of chromatin structure, the regulation of gene expression, and the stress response. Ubiquitin is synthesized as a precursor protein consisting of either polyubiquitin chains or a single ubiquitin moiety fused to an unrelated protein. This gene consists of three direct repeats of the ubiquitin coding sequence with no spacer sequence. Consequently, the protein is expressed as a polyubiquitin precursor with a final amino acid after the last repeat. An aberrant form of this protein has been detected in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 1, 2, 13, and 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]
这个基因编码的泛素,已知的最保守的蛋白之一。泛素具有由26S蛋白酶体靶向细胞蛋白降解主要作用。它也参与维持染色质结构,基因表达的调节,与应激反应。泛素是合成的由任一多聚泛素链或稠合到一个不相关的蛋白质的单遍在蛋白部分的前体蛋白。该基因组成的泛素编码序列无间隔序列三个直接重复。因此,该蛋白被表达为与最后的重复后的最终氨基酸多聚遍前体。这种蛋白质的异常形式已在患者的阿尔茨海默氏病和唐氏综合征被检测到。该基因的假基因位于染色体1 2,第13,并在多个转录变异体17选择性剪接的结果。 [由RefSeq的,2013年8月提供]
UBB基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
UBB基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 5012 Parkinson's disease [PATH:hsa05012] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Activated NOTCH1 Transmits Signal to the Nucleus |
| Activated TLR4 signalling |
| Activation of APC/C and APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of mitotic proteins |
| Activation of IRF3/IRF7 mediated by TBK1/IKK epsilon |
| Activation of NF-kappaB in B cells |
| Adaptive Immune System |
| Antigen processing-Cross presentation |
| Antigen processing: Ubiquitination & Proteasome degradation |
| Antiviral mechanism by IFN-stimulated genes |
| APC-Cdc20 mediated degradation of Nek2A |
| APC:Cdc20 mediated degradation of cell cycle proteins prior to satisfation of the cell cycle checkpoint |
| APC/C-mediated degradation of cell cycle proteins |
| APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of Cyclin B |
| APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of mitotic proteins |
| APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of Securin |
| APC/C:Cdh1 mediated degradation of Cdc20 and other APC/C:Cdh1 targeted proteins in late mitosis/early G1 |
| Apoptosis |
| Assembly Of The HIV Virion |
| Assembly of the pre-replicative complex |
| Association of licensing factors with the pre-replicative complex |
| Asymmetric localization of PCP proteins |
| Attenuation phase |
| AUF1 (hnRNP D0) destabilizes mRNA |
| Autodegradation of Cdh1 by Cdh1:APC/C |
| Autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 |
| beta-catenin independent WNT signaling |
| Budding and maturation of HIV virion |
| C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) |
| Cdc20:Phospho-APC/C mediated degradation of Cyclin A |
| CDK-mediated phosphorylation and removal of Cdc6 |
| CDT1 association with the CDC6:ORC:origin complex |
| Cell Cycle |
| Cell Cycle Checkpoints |
| Cell Cycle, Mitotic |
| Cell death signalling via NRAGE, NRIF and NADE |
| Cellular response to heat stress |
| Cellular response to hypoxia |
| Cellular responses to stress |
| Cellular Senescence |
| Circadian Clock |
| Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation |
| CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling |
| Constitutive Signaling by Ligand-Responsive EGFR Cancer Variants |
| Constitutive Signaling by NOTCH1 HD Domain Mutants |
| Constitutive Signaling by NOTCH1 HD+PEST Domain Mutants |
| Constitutive Signaling by NOTCH1 PEST Domain Mutants |
| Cyclin A:Cdk2-associated events at S phase entry |
| Cyclin D associated events in G1 |
| Cyclin E associated events during G1/S transition |
| Cytokine Signaling in Immune system |
| Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA |
| deactivation of the beta-catenin transactivating complex |
| Dectin-1 mediated noncanonical NF-kB signaling |
| degradation of AXIN |
| Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex |
| degradation of DVL |
| Degradation of GLI1 by the proteasome |
| Degradation of GLI2 by the proteasome |
| Disease |
| Diseases of carbohydrate metabolism |
| Diseases of metabolism |
| Diseases of signal transduction |
| DNA Damage Bypass |
| DNA Repair |
| DNA Replication |
| DNA Replication Pre-Initiation |
| Downregulation of ERBB2:ERBB3 signaling |
| Downregulation of ERBB4 signaling |
| Downregulation of SMAD2/3:SMAD4 transcriptional activity |
| Downregulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling |
| Downstream signaling events of B Cell Receptor (BCR) |
| EGFR downregulation |
| Endosomal Sorting Complex Required For Transport (ESCRT) |
| ER-Phagosome pathway |
| Fanconi Anemia pathway |
| G1 Phase |
| G1/S DNA Damage Checkpoints |
| G1/S Transition |
| G2/M Transition |
| Gene Expression |
| Generic Transcription Pathway |
| GLI3 is processed to GLI3R by the proteasome |
| Glucose metabolism |
| Glycogen storage diseases |
| Glycogen synthesis |
| Hedgehog 'off' state |
| Hedgehog 'on' state |
| Hedgehog ligand biogenesis |
| Hh mutants abrogate ligand secretion |
| Hh mutants that don't undergo autocatalytic processing are degraded by ERAD |
| HIV Infection |
| HIV Life Cycle |
| Host Interactions of HIV factors |
| HSF1 activation |
| HSF1-dependent transactivation |
| IKK complex recruitment mediated by RIP1 |
| Infectious disease |
| Innate Immune System |
| Interferon Signaling |
| Ion channel transport |
| IRAK2 mediated activation of TAK1 complex |
| IRAK2 mediated activation of TAK1 complex upon TLR7/8 or 9 stimulation |
| ISG15 antiviral mechanism |
| Late Phase of HIV Life Cycle |
| M Phase |
| M/G1 Transition |
| Membrane binding and targetting of GAG proteins |
| Membrane Trafficking |
| Metabolism of carbohydrates |
| Mitotic Anaphase |
| Mitotic G1-G1/S phases |
| Mitotic G2-G2/M phases |
| Mitotic Metaphase and Anaphase |
| MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane |
| MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome |
| MyD88-independent TLR3/TLR4 cascade |
| MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane |
| Myoclonic epilepsy of Lafora |
| Negative regulation of FGFR1 signaling |
| Negative regulation of FGFR2 signaling |
| Negative regulation of FGFR3 signaling |
| Negative regulation of FGFR4 signaling |
| Negative regulators of RIG-I/MDA5 signaling |
| NF-kB is activated and signals survival |
| NOTCH1 Intracellular Domain Regulates Transcription |
| NOTCH2 Activation and Transmission of Signal to the Nucleus |
| NRIF signals cell death from the nucleus |
| Oncogene Induced Senescence |
| Orc1 removal from chromatin |
| Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence |
| Oxygen-dependent proline hydroxylation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor Alpha |
| p53-Dependent G1 DNA Damage Response |
| p53-Dependent G1/S DNA damage checkpoint |
| p53-Independent DNA Damage Response |
| p53-Independent G1/S DNA damage checkpoint |
| p75 NTR receptor-mediated signalling |
| p75NTR recruits signalling complexes |
| p75NTR signals via NF-kB |
| PCP/CE pathway |
| Programmed Cell Death |
| Receptor-ligand binding initiates the second proteolytic cleavage of Notch receptor |
| Recognition of DNA damage by PCNA-containing replication complex |
| Regulation of activated PAK-2p34 by proteasome mediated degradation |
| Regulation of APC/C activators between G1/S and early anaphase |
| Regulation of Apoptosis |
| Regulation of DNA replication |
| regulation of FZD by ubiquitination |
| Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response |
| Regulation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF) by oxygen |
| Regulation of innate immune responses to cytosolic DNA |
| Regulation of mitotic cell cycle |
| Regulation of mRNA stability by proteins that bind AU-rich elements |
| Regulation of PLK1 Activity at G2/M Transition |
| Regulation of the Fanconi anemia pathway |
| Removal of licensing factors from origins |
| RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways |
| S Phase |
| SCF-beta-TrCP mediated degradation of Emi1 |
| SCF(Skp2)-mediated degradation of p27/p21 |
| Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) |
| Separation of Sister Chromatids |
| Signaling by EGFR |
| Signaling by EGFR in Cancer |
| Signaling by ERBB2 |
| Signaling by ERBB4 |
| Signaling by FGFR |
| Signaling by FGFR1 |
| Signaling by FGFR2 |
| Signaling by FGFR3 |
| Signaling by FGFR4 |
| Signaling by Hedgehog |
| Signaling by Ligand-Responsive EGFR Variants in Cancer |
| Signaling by NOTCH |
| Signaling by NOTCH1 |
| Signaling by NOTCH1 HD Domain Mutants in Cancer |
| Signaling by NOTCH1 HD+PEST Domain Mutants in Cancer |
| Signaling by NOTCH1 in Cancer |
| Signaling by NOTCH1 PEST Domain Mutants in Cancer |
| Signaling by NOTCH2 |
| Signaling by TGF-beta Receptor Complex |
| Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR) |
| Signaling by Wnt |
| Signalling by NGF |
| SMAD2/SMAD3:SMAD4 heterotrimer regulates transcription |
| Spry regulation of FGF signaling |
| Stabilization of p53 |
| Stimuli-sensing channels |
| Switching of origins to a post-replicative state |
| Synthesis And Processing Of GAG, GAGPOL Polyproteins |
| Synthesis of DNA |
| TCF dependent signaling in response to WNT |
| Termination of translesion DNA synthesis |
| TGF-beta receptor signaling activates SMADs |
| TGF-beta receptor signaling in EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition) |
| Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade |
| Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade |
| Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade |
| Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade |
| Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade |
| Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade |
| Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade |
| Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade |
| Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade |
| Toll-Like Receptors Cascades |
| TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation |
| TRAF6 Mediated Induction of proinflammatory cytokines |
| TRAF6 mediated induction of TAK1 complex |
| Transcriptional activity of SMAD2/SMAD3:SMAD4 heterotrimer |
| Translesion Synthesis by POLH |
| Translesion synthesis by POLI |
| Translesion synthesis by POLK |
| Translesion synthesis by REV1 |
| Translesion synthesis by Y family DNA polymerases bypasses lesions on DNA template |
| Transmembrane transport of small molecules |
| TRIF-mediated TLR3/TLR4 signaling |
| Ubiquitin Mediated Degradation of Phosphorylated Cdc25A |
| Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Cyclin D |
| Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Cyclin D1 |
| Vesicle-mediated transport |
| Vif-mediated degradation of APOBEC3G |
| Vpu mediated degradation of CD4 |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| Cleft Palate, Isolated, And Mental Retardation | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Alzheimer's Disease | 0.00680591 | 6 | 0 | BeFree_LHGDN |
| Multiple System Atrophy | 0.002995792 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_LHGDN |
| Myositis | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
| Tauopathies | 0.001900093 | 7 | 0 | BeFree |
| Neurodegenerative Disorders | 0.000814326 | 3 | 0 | BeFree |
| Neurofibrillary degeneration (morphologic abnormality) | 0.000814326 | 3 | 0 | BeFree |
| Progressive supranuclear palsy | 0.000814326 | 3 | 0 | BeFree |
| Down Syndrome | 0.000814326 | 3 | 0 | BeFree |
| Senile Plaques | 0.000542884 | 2 | 0 | BeFree |
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