TLR8(Toll样受体8,Toll-like receptor 8)是一种模式识别受体,属于TLR基因家族(Toll样受体家族),该家族共有10个成员(TLR1-TLR10),主要功能是识别病原体相关分子模式(PAMPs,如病毒或细菌的核酸、脂蛋白等)并激活免疫反应。TLR8特异性识别单链RNA(ssRNA),尤其是病毒来源的RNA,在抗病毒免疫中起关键作用。TLR8主要表达于免疫细胞(如树突状细胞、单核细胞、巨噬细胞)的内体(endosome,一种细胞内的膜结构小泡)中,当检测到病原体RNA时,会通过MyD88(髓样分化因子88)信号通路激活NF-κB和干扰素调节因子(IRF),诱导促炎细胞因子(如TNF-α、IL-12)和I型干扰素的产生,从而启动适应性免疫应答。TLR8的功能突变可能导致免疫反应异常,例如功能获得性突变(gain-of-function)可能引发过度炎症(如自身免疫疾病),而功能丧失性突变(loss-of-function)则可能导致反复感染或免疫缺陷。TLR8与多种疾病相关,包括病毒感染(如HIV、流感)、自身免疫病(如系统性红斑狼疮)和某些癌症(如淋巴瘤)。TLR8过表达可能增强抗病毒免疫但也会增加炎症性疾病风险,而表达降低可能导致免疫应答减弱或感染易感性增加。TLR基因家族的共性是通过识别保守的病原体成分触发先天免疫,其成员在定位(细胞膜或内体)和配体特异性上存在差异。例如TLR7与TLR8功能相似但表达谱不同,TLR7更多在浆细胞样树突状细胞中发挥作用。TLR8的调控异常可能影响其他免疫相关基因(如干扰素基因)的表达,形成复杂的免疫网络相互作用。
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is predominantly expressed in lung and peripheral blood leukocytes, and lies in close proximity to another family member, TLR7, on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
由该基因编码的蛋白是Toll样受体(TLR)家族中起着病原体识别和先天免疫激活的基础性作用的成员。 Toll样受体是高度果蝇保守到人类和共享结构和功能的相似性。他们认识到是在感染剂表达的病原体相关分子模式(PAMP),并介导的生产所必需的有效免疫的发展细胞因子。各种Toll样受体表现出不同的表达模式。此基因在肺癌和外周血白细胞中表达,并且位于靠近另一个家族成员,TLR7,在X染色体[通过的RefSeq,2008年7月提供]
TLR8基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
TLR8基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 4620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04620] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Innate Immune System |
| MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome |
| Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade |
| Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade |
| Toll-Like Receptors Cascades |
| TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation |
| TRAF6 mediated IRF7 activation in TLR7/8 or 9 signaling |
| Trafficking and processing of endosomal TLR |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| Contact Dermatitis | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| IGA Glomerulonephritis | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Inflammation | 0.007101096 | 3 | 0 | GAD |
| Virus Diseases | 0.00617715 | 5 | 0 | BeFree_GAD_LHGDN |
| HIV Infections | 0.006091273 | 6 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
| Asthma | 0.005634266 | 3 | 0 | BeFree_GAD_LHGDN |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | 0.005091382 | 2 | 0 | GAD_LHGDN |
| Premature Birth | 0.004734064 | 2 | 0 | GAD |
| Tuberculosis, Pulmonary | 0.003724241 | 5 | 2 | BeFree_GAD |
| RNA Virus Infections | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
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