SMOX(精胺氧化酶,spermine oxidase)是一种催化多胺代谢的关键酶,主要功能是将精胺(spermine)氧化降解为亚精胺(spermidine),同时产生过氧化氢(H2O2)和3-氨基丙醛(3-AP)。这一反应在多胺稳态调控中起重要作用,影响细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等过程。SMOX主要表达于肝脏、肾脏、前列腺等组织,其活性与氧化应激密切相关,因为其反应副产物H2O2可能造成DNA损伤或激活信号通路。SMOX属于多胺氧化酶(PAO)基因家族,该家族成员均含黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)辅基,通过氧化反应调控多胺代谢平衡。SMOX功能异常与多种疾病相关:过表达会导致细胞内氧化应激水平升高,与前列腺癌、肝纤维化等疾病进展正相关,可能通过促进细胞增殖或炎症反应;而表达降低可能影响组织再生能力。基因突变可能引起酶活性改变,如某些错义突变导致催化效率下降,进而扰乱多胺代谢稳态。在肿瘤中,SMOX过表达可能通过持续产生H2O2促进基因组不稳定性,同时消耗具有细胞保护作用的精胺;而抑制其表达可减少氧化损伤但可能影响正常细胞周期调控。该基因与邻近的PAOX基因存在功能冗余,但SMOX对精胺的特异性更高。研究还发现SMOX参与免疫调节,其表达受转录因子Nrf2调控,与抗氧化应激通路相互作用。目前针对SMOX的抑制剂(如MDL72527)正在研究中,可能为相关疾病治疗提供新靶点。
Polyamines are ubiquitous polycationic alkylamines which include spermine, spermidine, putrescine, and agmatine. These molecules participate in a broad range of cellular functions which include cell cycle modulation, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and the control of gene expression. These molecules also play important roles in neurotransmission through their regulation of cell-surface receptor activity, involvement in intracellular signalling pathways, and their putative roles as neurotransmitters. This gene encodes an FAD-containing enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of spermine to spermadine and secondarily produces hydrogen peroxide. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoenzymes have been identified for this gene, some of which have failed to demonstrate significant oxidase activity on natural polyamine substrates. The characterized isoenzymes have distinctive biochemical characteristics and substrate specificities, suggesting the existence of additional levels of complexity in polyamine catabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]
多胺是普遍存在的聚阳离子烷基胺,其中包括精胺,亚精胺,腐胺,和胍丁胺。这些分子参与广泛的细胞功能,包括细胞周期调节,清除活性氧物质,以及基因表达的控制。这些分子也在神经传递通过其调节细胞表面受体活性,在细胞内信号通路参与,和它们的推定的角色神经递质发挥重要作用。该基因编码一种催化精胺对spermadine的氧化和二次产生过氧化氢的含FAD-酶。编码不同同功酶的多个转录物变体已确定该基因,其中一些已未能证明对天然多胺底显著氧化酶活性。的特征在于同工酶具有独特的生化特征和底物特异性,这表明在多胺分解代谢复杂的附加级别的存在。 [由RefSeq的,2012年7月提供]
SMOX基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
SMOX基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
330 Arginine and proline metabolism [PATH:hsa00330] |
410 beta-Alanine metabolism [PATH:hsa00410] |
名称 |
---|
Amine Oxidase reactions |
Biological oxidations |
Interconversion of polyamines |
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives |
Metabolism of polyamines |
PAOs oxidise polyamines to amines |
Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Cerebrovascular accident | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Alzheimer's Disease | 0.12 | 1 | 1 | GWASCAT |
Dementia | 0.12 | 1 | 1 | GWASCAT |
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasias | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
Prostatic Neoplasms | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
Mammary Neoplasms | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
Tobacco Use Disorder | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
Panic Disorder | 0.002367032 | 1 | 1 | GAD |
Cystic Fibrosis | 0.001900093 | 7 | 0 | BeFree |
Experimental Organism Basal Cell Carcinoma | 0.001628651 | 6 | 0 | BeFree |
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