SMC1A(Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes 1A)是黏连蛋白复合体(cohesin complex)的核心组成基因之一,属于SMC基因家族(Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes family)。该家族编码的蛋白质具有保守的ATP酶结构域和卷曲螺旋结构,主要功能是通过形成环状结构调控染色体的空间组织,参与姐妹染色单体黏连、DNA损伤修复、基因转录调控等关键生物学过程。SMC1A蛋白与SMC3、RAD21及STAG1/2等亚基共同构成黏连蛋白复合体,其作用位点集中在染色质上,尤其在着丝粒区域富集,确保细胞有丝分裂和减数分裂中染色体的准确分离。该基因突变会导致黏连功能异常,引发染色体分离错误,与多种疾病相关。例如,SMC1A杂合突变是Cornelia de Lange综合征(CdLS)的主要致病原因之一,患者表现为生长发育迟缓、智力障碍及特殊面容;部分突变还与小头畸形、癫痫等神经发育异常相关。若SMC1A过表达可能破坏黏连蛋白复合体的动态平衡,导致细胞周期阻滞或基因组不稳定性增加;而表达降低则会引起姐妹染色单体提前分离,诱发非整倍体(染色体数目异常)和细胞凋亡。该基因家族成员(如SMC1B、SMC2-6)均含Walker A/B ATP酶结构域,通过水解ATP驱动染色体结构重塑。研究还发现SMC1A与WAPL、PDS5等调控因子相互作用,影响黏连蛋白的装载与卸载,其表达异常可能间接干扰其他基因(如HOX基因簇)的拓扑关联域(TAD,染色质三维功能单元)调控,导致发育程序紊乱。在癌症中,SMC1A拷贝数变异与结直肠癌、乳腺癌等肿瘤进展相关,其机制可能涉及DNA修复缺陷或表观遗传失调。
Proper cohesion of sister chromatids is a prerequisite for the correct segregation of chromosomes during cell division. The cohesin multiprotein complex is required for sister chromatid cohesion. This complex is composed partly of two structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins, SMC3 and either SMC1B or the protein encoded by this gene. Most of the cohesin complexes dissociate from the chromosomes before mitosis, although those complexes at the kinetochore remain. Therefore, the encoded protein is thought to be an important part of functional kinetochores. In addition, this protein interacts with BRCA1 and is phosphorylated by ATM, indicating a potential role for this protein in DNA repair. This gene, which belongs to the SMC gene family, is located in an area of the X-chromosome that escapes X inactivation. Mutations in this gene result in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]
姐妹染色单体的正确凝聚力是染色体的细胞分裂过程中的正确分离的先决条件。该黏着多蛋白复合物所需的姐妹染色单体的凝聚力。这种复杂的部分是染色体的两个结构维护组成(SMC)的蛋白质,SMC3,要么SMC1B或由该基因编码的蛋白质。大部分的黏着络合物解离从有丝分裂前的染色体,虽然在着丝粒的那些配合物仍然存在。因此,所编码的蛋白质被认为是功能性着丝粒的一个重要部分。此外,此蛋白质与BRCA1相互作用并通过ATM磷酸化,这表明在DNA修复这种蛋白的潜在作用。这个基因,属于在SMC基因家族,位于X染色体逸出X染色体失活的区域。突变这个基因导致狄兰氏症候群。在多个转录剪接变异体导致编码不同亚型。 [由RefSeq的,2013年7月提供]
SMC1A基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
SMC1A基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 4110 Cell cycle [PATH:hsa04110] |
| 4114 Oocyte meiosis [PATH:hsa04114] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Cell Cycle |
| Cell Cycle, Mitotic |
| Cohesin Loading onto Chromatin |
| Establishment of Sister Chromatid Cohesion |
| Gene Expression |
| M Phase |
| Meiosis |
| Meiotic synapsis |
| Metabolism of proteins |
| Mitotic Anaphase |
| Mitotic Metaphase and Anaphase |
| Mitotic Prometaphase |
| Mitotic Telophase/Cytokinesis |
| mRNA Splicing |
| mRNA Splicing - Major Pathway |
| Post-translational protein modification |
| Processing of Capped Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA |
| Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion |
| S Phase |
| Separation of Sister Chromatids |
| SUMO E3 ligases SUMOylate target proteins |
| SUMOylation |
| SUMOylation of DNA damage response and repair proteins |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| Cornelia De Lange Syndrome | 0.258964712 | 24 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN_ORPHANET |
| Congenital muscular hypertrophy-cerebral syndrome | 0.240814326 | 6 | 28 | BeFree_CLINVAR_UNIPROT |
| Growth Deficiency and Mental Retardation with Facial Dysmorphism | 0.240271442 | 1 | 2 | BeFree_CLINVAR_ORPHANET |
| Bladder Neoplasm | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Myeloid Leukemia | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Intellectual Disability | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
| Anoxia | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
| Colorectal Neoplasms | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
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