RHO基因编码视紫红质(rhodopsin),是一种在视网膜视杆细胞中高度表达的G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR),属于视蛋白(opsin)基因家族。视紫红质是视觉光转导的关键分子,负责在弱光条件下感知光线。当光线照射时,视紫红质的发色团11-顺式视黄醛(11-cis-retinal)异构化为全反式视黄醛,触发构象变化并激活转导蛋白(transducin),进而启动光信号传导级联反应。RHO基因突变是常染色体显性视网膜色素变性(adRP)最常见的原因,占病例的20-30%。突变可能导致视紫红质错误折叠、异常运输或功能丧失,引发视杆细胞凋亡和进行性视力丧失。常见的致病突变包括P23H(脯氨酸23替换为组氨酸)和R135W(精氨酸135替换为色氨酸)。RHO基因过表达可能导致蛋白质错误折叠堆积,激活未折叠蛋白反应(UPR),加剧细胞应激;而表达降低则直接损害光感受器功能,导致夜盲症。视蛋白家族成员(如视锥细胞的视蛋白)均具有七次跨膜结构,依赖视黄醛发色团,但光谱敏感性不同。研究显示某些RHO突变体可能具有毒性增益功能(toxic gain-of-function),异常激活信号通路,这为基因治疗策略(如CRISPR编辑或AAV载体递送)提供了靶点。值得注意的是,RHO突变表型存在差异,部分突变导致早发型严重视网膜变性,而另一些仅引起晚发型症状,这种异质性与突变具体影响的蛋白质结构域(如胞内环、跨膜区)密切相关。
Retinitis pigmentosa is an inherited progressive disease which is a major cause of blindness in western communities. It can be inherited as an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked recessive disorder. In the autosomal dominant form,which comprises about 25% of total cases, approximately 30% of families have mutations in the gene encoding the rod photoreceptor-specific protein rhodopsin. This is the transmembrane protein which, when photoexcited, initiates the visual transduction cascade. Defects in this gene are also one of the causes of congenital stationary night blindness. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
视网膜色素变性是一种遗传性疾病是西方社会失明的主要原因。它可作为常染色体显性,常染色体隐性,或X连锁隐性疾病。在常染色体显性形式,其包括占全部病例的约25%,家庭的大约30%具有在编码棒状特定感光体蛋白的视紫红质的基因突变。这是跨膜蛋白,其,光激发时,启动视觉转导级联。在这个基因的缺陷也先天性静止性夜盲的原因之一。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
RHO基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
RHO基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 4744 Phototransduction [PATH:hsa04744] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Activation of the phototransduction cascade |
| Assembly of the primary cilium |
| Cargo trafficking to the periciliary membrane |
| Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) |
| G alpha (i) signalling events |
| GPCR downstream signaling |
| GPCR ligand binding |
| Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade |
| Opsins |
| Organelle biogenesis and maintenance |
| Signaling by GPCR |
| The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision) |
| The phototransduction cascade |
| Visual phototransduction |
| VxPx cargo-targeting to cilium |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa | 0.464557081 | 149 | 14 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN_ORPHANET |
| Night Blindness, Congenital Stationary, Autosomal Dominant 1 | 0.44 | 3 | 3 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_MGD_UNIPROT |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa 4 | 0.44 | 17 | 34 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_MGD_UNIPROT |
| Night blindness, congenital stationary | 0.241900093 | 7 | 2 | BeFree_CTD_human_ORPHANET |
| Fundus Albipunctatus | 0.240542884 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_ORPHANET |
| Retinal Degeneration | 0.130314791 | 39 | 3 | BeFree_CTD_human |
| Retinitis punctata albescens (disorder) | 0.122909916 | 2 | 1 | BeFree_CLINVAR_GAD |
| Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa | 0.037925917 | 131 | 13 | BeFree_GAD |
| Retinal Diseases | 0.010987159 | 15 | 1 | BeFree_GAD_LHGDN |
| Night Blindness | 0.006991475 | 8 | 2 | BeFree_GAD_LHGDN |
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