RAN (RAN, member RAS oncogene family)
- symbol:
- RAN
- locus group:
- protein-coding gene
- location:
- 12q24.33
- gene_family:
- RAN family GTPases
- alias symbol:
- ARA24|TC4|Gsp1
- alias name:
- None
- entrez id:
- 5901
- ensembl gene id:
- ENSG00000132341
- ucsc gene id:
- uc001uir.4
- refseq accession:
- NM_006325
- hgnc_id:
- HGNC:9846
- approved reserved:
- 1996-11-14
RAN（Ras-related nuclear protein）是一种属于RAS超家族的小GTP酶，主要定位于细胞核内，参与核质运输、有丝分裂和微管组装等关键生物学过程。RAN通过结合GTP（活性形式）或GDP（失活形式）切换状态，其GTP/GDP循环由RCC1（核内GEF）和RanGAP（胞质GAP）调控。RAN的核心功能是维持核膜内外GTP/GDP梯度，驱动importin/exportin依赖的核质运输，确保蛋白质（如转录因子）和RNA（如mRNA）的正确定位。在有丝分裂中，RAN-GTP梯度指导纺锤体组装和染色体分离。RAN还参与DNA修复、端粒维持和应激响应。RAN突变可能破坏核运输或细胞分裂，导致染色体不稳定，与癌症（如乳腺癌、肝癌）和神经退行性疾病相关。过表达RAN常见于多种肿瘤，可能通过促进增殖、侵袭或化疗耐药加速癌症进展；而表达降低可能导致核运输障碍或基因组不稳定性。RAN属于RAS超家族，该家族成员均为小GTP酶，通过GTP水解调控信号转导，参与细胞生长、分化和存活。家族共性包括：GTP/GDP结合开关特性、依赖GEF/GAP调节、下游效应分子（如激酶）的招募能力。RAN的独特之处在于其核定位和运输特异性，而其他RAS成员（如HRAS、KRAS）更多调控膜受体信号通路。研究RAN有助于理解癌症机制并开发靶向核运输的治疗策略。
RAN (ras-related nuclear protein) is a small GTP binding protein belonging to the RAS superfamily that is essential for the translocation of RNA and proteins through the nuclear pore complex. The RAN protein is also involved in control of DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. Nuclear localization of RAN requires the presence of regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1). Mutations in RAN disrupt DNA synthesis. Because of its many functions, it is likely that RAN interacts with several other proteins. RAN regulates formation and organization of the microtubule network independently of its role in the nucleus-cytosol exchange of macromolecules. RAN could be a key signaling molecule regulating microtubule polymerization during mitosis. RCC1 generates a high local concentration of RAN-GTP around chromatin which, in turn, induces the local nucleation of microtubules. RAN is an androgen receptor (AR) coactivator that binds differentially with different lengths of polyglutamine within the androgen receptor. Polyglutamine repeat expansion in the AR is linked to Kennedy's disease (X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy). RAN coactivation of the AR diminishes with polyglutamine expansion within the AR, and this weak coactivation may lead to partial androgen insensitivity during the development of Kennedy's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
RAN（Ras相关核蛋白）是属于所述的RAS超家族是用于RNA和蛋白质的通过核孔复合体易位必需小GTP结合蛋白。所述RAN蛋白也参与DNA合成和细胞周期进程的控制。 RAN的核定位需要染色体缩合1（RCC1）的调节器的存在。在RAN突变破坏DNA的合成。因为它的许多功能的，它很可能是RAN与其它几种蛋白质相互作用。 RAN独立调节其大分子物质的细胞核，细胞质交换作用的微管网的形成和组织。 RAN可以是有丝分裂期间调节微管聚合的关键信号分子。 RCC1生成周围染色质的RAN-GTP，这反过来，诱导微管的局部形核的高局部浓度。 RAN是与雄激素受体内聚谷氨酰胺的不同长度差异结合雄激素受体（AR）共活化剂。在AR多聚谷氨酰胺重复扩张是与肯尼迪氏病（X-连锁脊髓延髓肌萎缩）。在AR的RAN共激活与AR内多聚扩张减少和肯尼迪氏病的发展过程中这种弱共激活可能会导致部分雄激素不敏感。 [由RefSeq的，2008年7月提供]
基因本体信息
RAN基因（以及对应的蛋白质）的细胞分布位置：
- 质膜
- 细胞质
- 细胞外
- 高尔基体
- 囊泡
- 细胞骨架
- 内质网
- 细胞核
- 内体
- 溶酶体
- 线粒体
RAN基因的本体（GO）信息：
| 名称 |
|---|
| 3013 RNA transport [PATH:hsa03013] |
| 3008 Ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes [PATH:hsa03008] |
| 5166 HTLV-I infection [PATH:hsa05166] |
| 5169 Epstein-Barr virus infection [PATH:hsa05169] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Disease |
| Export of Viral Ribonucleoproteins from Nucleus |
| Gene Expression |
| HIV Infection |
| HIV Life Cycle |
| Host Interactions of HIV factors |
| Infectious disease |
| Influenza Infection |
| Influenza Life Cycle |
| Interactions of Rev with host cellular proteins |
| Late Phase of HIV Life Cycle |
| Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins |
| MicroRNA (miRNA) biogenesis |
| NEP/NS2 Interacts with the Cellular Export Machinery |
| Nuclear import of Rev protein |
| Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis by SREBP (SREBF) |
| Regulatory RNA pathways |
| Rev-mediated nuclear export of HIV RNA |
| Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| HIV Infections | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Degenerative polyarthritis | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Keloid | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Animal Mammary Neoplasms | 0.12 | 2 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental | 0.12 | 2 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Sciatic Neuropathy | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
| Renal Cell Carcinoma | 0.007458414 | 3 | 0 | GAD_LHGDN |
| Kidney Neoplasm | 0.004734064 | 2 | 0 | GAD |
| Neoplasm Recurrence, Local | 0.004734064 | 2 | 0 | GAD |
| Neoplasm Metastasis | 0.002995792 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_LHGDN |
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