PSEN1(Presenilin 1)是γ-分泌酶复合体的核心组成部分,属于Presenilin基因家族(包括PSEN1和PSEN2)。该家族成员均为跨膜蛋白,主要参与Notch信号通路和淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)的切割过程,在细胞凋亡、突触功能及细胞内钙平衡中起关键作用。PSEN1的主要作用位点是细胞的内质网和高尔基体膜,通过γ-分泌酶活性切割APP生成β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ),尤其是毒性较强的Aβ42。突变会显著影响其功能,目前已发现200多种致病突变,多数与早发性家族性阿尔茨海默病(FAD)相关。这些突变导致Aβ42/Aβ40比例升高,促进淀粉样斑块沉积,引发神经元损伤和认知衰退。此外,PSEN1突变还可能影响Notch信号传导,导致发育异常。过表达PSEN1会加剧Aβ生成和神经毒性,而表达降低则可能影响Notch依赖的细胞分化,例如导致皮肤肿瘤或血管发育缺陷。PSEN1还与tau蛋白磷酸化、线粒体功能障碍和突触可塑性受损相关,这些机制共同推动了神经退行性病变。该基因家族共性包括:1)均为多跨膜蛋白;2)依赖天冬氨酸蛋白酶活性发挥功能;3)参与膜蛋白的调控性切割。除阿尔茨海默病外,PSEN1变异还与额颞叶痴呆、扩张型心肌病等疾病有关。研究还发现,PSEN1表达变化可能影响其他γ-分泌酶底物(如CD44、E-cadherin)的加工,进而干扰细胞黏附和迁移。
Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with an inherited form of the disease carry mutations in the presenilin proteins (PSEN1; PSEN2) or in the amyloid precursor protein (APP). These disease-linked mutations result in increased production of the longer form of amyloid-beta (main component of amyloid deposits found in AD brains). Presenilins are postulated to regulate APP processing through their effects on gamma-secretase, an enzyme that cleaves APP. Also, it is thought that the presenilins are involved in the cleavage of the Notch receptor, such that they either directly regulate gamma-secretase activity or themselves are protease enzymes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene, the full-length nature of only some have been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]
阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)患者在早老蛋白的疾病进位的突变的遗传形式(PSEN1; PSEN2)或淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)。这些疾病相关的突变导致生产淀粉样蛋白-β(公元大脑中淀粉样蛋白沉积的主要成分)的较长形式的增加。早老被假定通过其对γ-分泌酶的作用来调节APP处理,酶劈开APP。此外,可以认为,在早老参与Notch受体的裂解,使得它们可以直接调节γ-分泌酶活性或本身是蛋白酶。编码不同同种型的几个可变剪接转录物变体已被发现此基因,只有部分全长性质已经确定。 [由RefSeq的,2008年8月提供]
PSEN1基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
PSEN1基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
4310 Wnt signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04310] |
4330 Notch signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04330] |
4722 Neurotrophin signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04722] |
5010 Alzheimer's disease [PATH:hsa05010] |
名称 |
---|
Degradation of the extracellular matrix |
Extracellular matrix organization |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Alzheimer's Disease | 0.388772838 | 197 | 12 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN_MGD |
Frontotemporal dementia | 0.369077134 | 17 | 6 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_GAD_UNIPROT |
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, 1u | 0.36 | 1 | 1 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_UNIPROT |
Alzheimer disease, familial, type 3 | 0.320271442 | 30 | 31 | BeFree_CLINVAR_MGD_UNIPROT |
Pick Disease of the Brain | 0.247610304 | 19 | 7 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_LHGDN |
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated | 0.240814326 | 3 | 1 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human |
Alzheimer Disease, Familial, 3, with Spastic Paraparesis and Apraxia | 0.24 | 0 | 2 | CLINVAR_CTD_human |
Neurodegenerative Disorders | 0.124810009 | 11 | 1 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD |
Amyloidosis | 0.121085767 | 5 | 1 | BeFree_CTD_human |
Heart failure | 0.120271442 | 1 | 1 | BeFree_CLINVAR |
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