PHKA1(磷酸化酶激酶α1)是磷酸化酶激酶(PHK)复合物的一个关键亚基,属于PHKA基因家族。该家族包括PHKA1和PHKA2两个成员,它们编码的蛋白质在糖原代谢调控中起核心作用。PHK复合物由四个亚基(α、β、γ、δ)组成,其中α亚基(PHKA1或PHKA2)作为调节亚基,通过钙离子和磷酸化作用激活γ亚基的催化功能,进而磷酸化糖原磷酸化酶,促进糖原分解为葡萄糖-1-磷酸,为机体提供能量。PHKA1主要在骨骼肌中表达,而PHKA2主要在肝脏中表达,两者功能相似但组织分布不同。PHKA1的突变可能导致糖原代谢紊乱,例如罕见的X连锁遗传病——磷酸化酶激酶缺乏症(GSD9B型),患者表现为运动不耐受、肌无力或轻度肌病,但症状通常较PHKA2突变引起的肝型(GSD9A)轻微。若PHKA1过表达,可能增强骨骼肌糖原分解,导致能量供应过剩或代谢异常;而表达降低则可能减少糖原分解效率,引起运动中能量不足。PHKA1与其他糖原代谢相关基因(如PYGM、PYGL)存在功能协同,其异常可能影响整个代谢网络。该基因家族的特点是依赖钙信号调节能量代谢,且在肌肉和肝脏中通过亚型分化实现组织特异性调控。研究PHKA1有助于理解糖原储存疾病的机制,并为代谢紊乱治疗提供靶点。
Phosphorylase kinase is a polymer of 16 subunits, four each of alpha, beta, gamma and delta. The alpha subunit includes the skeletal muscle and hepatic isoforms, and the skeletal muscle isoform is encoded by this gene. The beta subunit is the same in both the muscle and hepatic isoforms, and encoded by one gene. The gamma subunit also includes the skeletal muscle and hepatic isoforms, which are encoded by two different genes. The delta subunit is a calmodulin and can be encoded by three different genes. The gamma subunits contain the active site of the enzyme, whereas the alpha and beta subunits have regulatory functions controlled by phosphorylation. The delta subunit mediates the dependence of the enzyme on calcium concentration. Mutations in this gene cause glycogen storage disease type 9D, also known as X-linked muscle glycogenosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene. A pseudogene has been found on chromosome 1.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]
磷酸化酶激酶为16亚基,四α,β,γ和δ的各聚合物。 α亚基包括骨骼肌和肝脏同种型,和骨骼肌同种型由该基因编码。 β亚基是在肌肉和肝同种型都是相同的,并且由一个基因编码。伽马亚基还包括骨骼肌和肝脏同种型,它们由两个不同的基因编码。增量亚基是钙调蛋白,??并且可以通过三种不同的基因编码。伽马亚基含有酶的活性位点,而α和β亚基具有通过磷酸化来控制调节功能。增量亚基介导钙浓度酶的依赖。突变该基因引起型糖原贮积病9D,也称为X-连锁的肌肉糖原分解。编码不同同种型的可变剪接转录物变体在该基因被鉴定。假基因已被发现1号染色体上[由RefSeq的,2010年2月提供]
PHKA1基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
PHKA1基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
4020 Calcium signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04020] |
4910 Insulin signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04910] |
4922 Glucagon signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04922] |
名称 |
---|
Glucose metabolism |
Glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) |
Metabolism of carbohydrates |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Glycogen Storage Disease, Type IXD | 0.56 | 1 | 3 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_MGD_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Hypothyroidism | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
Glycogen storage disease, type IX | 0.000814326 | 3 | 0 | BeFree |
Deficiency of phosphorylase kinase | 0.000542884 | 2 | 0 | BeFree |
Glycogen Storage Disease | 0.000542884 | 2 | 0 | BeFree |
Glycogen Storage Disease Type VIII | 0.000271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree |
Impaired exercise tolerance | 0.000271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree |
Spastic syndrome | 0.000271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree |
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