PAX6是一个关键的转录因子基因,属于PAX基因家族(配对盒基因家族),该家族成员均含有一个高度保守的DNA结合结构域——配对盒结构域(PAX domain),负责调控胚胎发育和组织分化。PAX6在眼睛、中枢神经系统和胰腺发育中起核心作用,尤其在眼睛发育中被称为“主控基因”,指导视网膜、晶状体和角膜的形成。其表达产物通过调控下游靶基因(如SOX2和PROX1)的转录,影响细胞增殖、分化和迁移。PAX6突变会导致严重的发育异常,如无虹膜症(ANIRIDIA,表现为虹膜缺失和视力障碍)、小眼畸形或先天性白内障,部分突变还与自闭症谱系障碍和嗅觉缺失相关。PAX6单倍剂量不足(表达量降低)会引发眼部发育缺陷,而过表达则可能导致细胞分化紊乱或肿瘤发生(如神经胶质瘤)。PAX6基因家族(包括PAX1-PAX9)的共性在于通过配对盒结构域结合特定DNA序列调控发育相关基因,成员在器官发生中具有时空特异性。例如,PAX2参与肾脏和耳朵发育,PAX3与肌肉和神经嵴发育相关。PAX6的保守性极高,从果蝇到人类功能相似,其异常表达不仅影响自身靶基因网络,还可能干扰其他PAX家族成员(如PAX2/PAX8)的协同作用,导致多系统发育缺陷。研究PAX6对再生医学(如视网膜修复)和癌症治疗有潜在意义。
This gene encodes paired box gene 6, one of many human homologs of the Drosophila melanogaster gene prd. In addition to the hallmark feature of this gene family, a conserved paired box domain, the encoded protein also contains a homeo box domain. Both domains are known to bind DNA and function as regulators of gene transcription. This gene is expressed in the developing nervous system, and in developing eyes. Mutations in this gene are known to cause ocular disorders such as aniridia and Peter's anomaly. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]
该基因编码配对盒基因6,果蝇基因珠三角的许多人类同源之一。除了该基因家族,一个保守的配对盒结构域的标志特征,所编码的蛋白质也含有homeo box结构域。两个域是已知的DNA结合和功能的基因转录的调节。该基因在发育的神经系统中表达,并在显影的眼睛。在这个基因的突变是已知的导致眼部病症,如无虹膜和彼得的异常。编码多种亚型选择性剪接的转录物变体已经观察到这种基因。 [由RefSeq的,2012年5月提供]
PAX6基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
PAX6基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
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4550 Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells [PATH:hsa04550] |
4950 Maturity onset diabetes of the young [PATH:hsa04950] |
名称 |
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Developmental Biology |
Incretin synthesis, secretion, and inactivation |
Metabolism of proteins |
Peptide hormone metabolism |
Regulation of beta-cell development |
Regulation of gene expression in beta cells |
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) |
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Aniridia | 0.606164981 | 152 | 15 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_LHGDN_MGD_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Irido-corneo-trabecular dysgenesis (disorder) | 0.562714419 | 12 | 4 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_MGD_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Congenital ocular coloboma (disorder) | 0.480814326 | 4 | 1 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia, Bilateral | 0.48 | 1 | 1 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Gillespie syndrome | 0.360271442 | 1 | 1 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_ORPHANET |
Coloboma of optic disc | 0.36 | 1 | 2 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_UNIPROT |
Keratitis, hereditary | 0.32 | 0 | 0 | CTD_human_MGD_ORPHANET |
FOVEAL HYPOPLASIA 1 | 0.24 | 1 | 0 | ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Autistic Disorder | 0.203452799 | 6 | 1 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_RGD |
WAGR Syndrome | 0.124071628 | 15 | 0 | BeFree_ORPHANET |
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