一氧化氮合酶1(NOS1)基因编码神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS),属于一氧化氮合酶(NOS)基因家族,该家族还包括内皮型(NOS3)和诱导型(NOS2)。NOS家族共同催化L-精氨酸生成一氧化氮(NO)和L-瓜氨酸,NO是一种重要的信号分子,参与神经传递、血管舒张和免疫调节等多种生理过程。NOS1主要在神经元中表达,其产生的NO作为神经递质或神经调质,参与突触可塑性、学习记忆和神经发育。NOS1还分布于骨骼肌、肾脏和生殖系统等组织,通过调节局部血流和细胞信号传导发挥作用。NOS1蛋白结构包含氧化酶和还原酶结构域,需要钙调蛋白、NADPH、FAD和FMN等辅因子激活。NOS1基因突变可导致其功能异常,与多种神经系统疾病相关,如先天性巨结肠(Hirschsprung病)、精神分裂症和自闭症谱系障碍。NOS1突变可能影响神经元发育和突触功能,导致神经信号传导紊乱。NOS1过表达会增加NO产生,可能引起神经毒性或氧化应激,与神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病有关。NOS1表达降低则可能导致NO信号不足,影响神经可塑性和认知功能,并与抑郁症和焦虑症相关。NOS1还参与心血管调节,其异常表达可能影响血压和心脏功能。此外,NOS1与其他基因如PSD95(突触后密度蛋白95)相互作用,调节突触后信号传导。NOS1在骨骼肌中通过调节血流和收缩功能影响运动性能。NOS1基因的多态性还与个体对药物反应和疾病易感性差异有关。总之,NOS1通过其产物NO在神经、心血管和肌肉系统中发挥关键作用,其表达异常或突变与多种疾病密切相关,是神经科学和医学研究的重要靶点。
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of nitric oxide synthases, which synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical, which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission, and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, nitric oxide displays many properties of a neurotransmitter, and has been implicated in neurotoxicity associated with stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, neural regulation of smooth muscle, including peristalsis, and penile erection. This protein is ubiquitously expressed, with high level of expression in skeletal muscle. Multiple transcript variants that differ in the 5' UTR have been described for this gene but the full-length nature of these transcripts is not known. Additionally, alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms (some testis-specific) have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]
由该基因编码的蛋白质属于家庭的一氧化氮合成酶,其合成从L-精氨酸一氧化氮。一氧化氮是一种反应性自由基,它作为在几个过程,包括神经传递,和抗微生物和抗肿瘤活性一种生物介质。在脑和外周神经系统,一氧化氮显示神经递质的许多特性,并且已经牵涉于中风和神经变性疾病,平滑肌,包括蠕动的神经调节,和阴茎勃起相关的神经毒性。这种蛋白质是遍在表达,与在骨骼肌高水平表达的。在5‘端非编码区不同的多个转录物变体已有描述为这种基因,但这些转录物的全长性质是未知的。另外,可变剪接转录变异体的编码不同亚型(睾丸一些特定的)也发现了这种基因。[由RefSeq的,2011年2月提供]
NOS1基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
NOS1基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
330 Arginine and proline metabolism [PATH:hsa00330] |
4020 Calcium signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04020] |
4145 Phagosome [PATH:hsa04145] |
4970 Salivary secretion [PATH:hsa04970] |
4730 Long-term depression [PATH:hsa04730] |
4713 Circadian entrainment [PATH:hsa04713] |
5010 Alzheimer's disease [PATH:hsa05010] |
5014 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [PATH:hsa05014] |
名称 |
---|
Disease |
Hemostasis |
Infectious disease |
Latent infection of Homo sapiens with Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
Nitric oxide stimulates guanylate cyclase |
Phagosomal maturation (early endosomal stage) |
Platelet homeostasis |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Schizophrenia | 0.233633843 | 20 | 1 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN_RGD |
Pyloric Stenosis, Infantile Hypertrophic 1 | 0.201628651 | 6 | 1 | BeFree_CTD_human_MGD |
Hepatic Encephalopathy | 0.2 | 4 | 0 | CTD_human_RGD |
Hyperalgesia | 0.2 | 2 | 0 | CTD_human_RGD |
Parkinson Disease | 0.129468128 | 5 | 0 | CTD_human_GAD |
Depressive disorder | 0.121085767 | 5 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent | 0.120542884 | 3 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
Mental disorders | 0.120542884 | 3 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
Seizures | 0.120271442 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
Neurobehavioral Manifestations | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
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