MID1(Midline 1)基因位于X染色体(Xp22区域),编码一种E3泛素连接酶,属于TRIM(Tripartite Motif)蛋白家族成员。该家族蛋白的共同特点是含有三个保守结构域:RING指结构(介导泛素化)、B-box(参与蛋白相互作用)和卷曲螺旋结构域(负责寡聚化)。MID1蛋白通过这些结构域形成复合物,调控靶蛋白的泛素化降解,主要影响细胞骨架动态、mRNA翻译和微管稳定性。其关键作用位点包括与微管结合的α4-tubulin和翻译调控因子PP2A(蛋白磷酸酶2A),通过泛素化这些靶点调节细胞分裂和信号传导。MID1基因突变(如缺失或错义突变)会导致X连锁的Opitz G/BBB综合征,表现为先天性中线发育缺陷(如唇腭裂、喉气管异常及尿道下裂),原因是突变破坏了蛋白寡聚化或泛素化功能,导致细胞迁移和分化紊乱。该基因过表达常见于某些癌症(如胶质瘤和前列腺癌),通过异常激活mTOR通路促进肿瘤生长;而表达降低则可能引起神经发育障碍,因其在神经元迁移中起关键作用。MID1还与自身免疫疾病相关,因其调控的PP2A参与免疫细胞活化。家族成员如TRIM5、TRIM28等也参与抗病毒防御和表观遗传调控,但MID1独特之处在于其对发育过程的特异性调控。研究还发现MID1表达受miR-19b等microRNA抑制,形成反馈环路影响心血管疾病进程。
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, also known as the 'RING-B box-coiled coil' (RBCC) subgroup of RING finger proteins. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein forms homodimers which associate with microtubules in the cytoplasm. The protein is likely involved in the formation of multiprotein structures acting as anchor points to microtubules. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the X-linked form of Opitz syndrome, which is characterized by midline abnormalities such as cleft lip, laryngeal cleft, heart defects, hypospadias, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. This gene was also the first example of a gene subject to X inactivation in human while escaping it in mouse. Multiple different transcript variants are generated by alternate splicing; however, the full-length nature of some of the variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]
由该基因编码的蛋白质是三方基序(TRIM)家族的成员,也称为“RING-B箱卷曲螺旋‘环指蛋白(RBCC)组。 TRIM的基序包括三个锌结合结构域,一个环,B框型1和B框2型,和一个卷曲螺旋区域。这种蛋白形成其与在细胞质微管相关联的同型二聚体。该蛋白可能参与作为锚点微管多蛋白结构的形成。在这种基因突变与奥皮茨综合症,其特征是中线异常如唇裂,喉裂,心脏缺陷,尿道下裂,和胼胝体发育不全的X连锁的形式相关联。该基因也是一个基因受到X染色体失活在人的第一个例子,而在小鼠逸出它。多个不同的转录变异体被交替剪接产生;然而,某些变体的全长性质尚未确定。 [由RefSeq的,2010年7月提供]
MID1基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
MID1基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
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4120 Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis [PATH:hsa04120] |
名称 |
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Cytokine Signaling in Immune system |
Immune System |
Interferon gamma signaling |
Interferon Signaling |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Opitz GBBB Syndrome, X-Linked | 0.365157396 | 21 | 1 | BeFree_CTD_human_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Congenital cleft larynx and Opitz-Frias syndrome | 0.12 | 0 | 8 | CLINVAR |
Opitz-G syndrome, type 2 | 0.006514605 | 24 | 0 | BeFree |
Ectodermal Dysplasia | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
Cleft Lip | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
Cleft Palate | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
Penile hypospadias | 0.000814326 | 3 | 0 | BeFree |
Hypospadias | 0.000814326 | 3 | 0 | BeFree |
Orbital separation excessive | 0.000814326 | 3 | 0 | BeFree |
Prostate carcinoma | 0.000542884 | 2 | 0 | BeFree |
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