MGLL(单酰基甘油脂肪酶,monoglyceride lipase)是一种关键代谢酶,属于丝氨酸水解酶家族(serine hydrolase family),主要功能是水解单酰基甘油(如2-AG,2-花生四烯酸甘油)生成游离脂肪酸和甘油。它在内源性大麻素系统(endocannabinoid system)中起核心作用,通过降解2-AG(一种重要的内源性大麻素)来调控神经信号传导。MGLL主要表达于大脑、肝脏和脂肪组织,尤其在海马体、小脑等神经区域富集,参与调节疼痛感知、炎症反应和能量代谢。 若MGLL发生功能丧失性突变(loss-of-function mutation),会导致2-AG降解受阻,使其在突触间隙积累,增强大麻素受体(CB1/CB2)的激活,可能引发神经兴奋性异常、癫痫或代谢紊乱。相反,MGLL过表达会加速2-AG分解,降低内源性大麻素信号,与焦虑、抑郁和慢性疼痛相关。此外,MGLL在肿瘤微环境中通过促进脂肪酸释放影响癌细胞增殖,其抑制剂(如JZL184)正被研究用于治疗神经退行性疾病和癌症。 MGLL属于丝氨酸水解酶家族,该家族成员均具有保守的催化三联体(Ser-His-Asp)结构域,依赖丝氨酸残基水解酯键或酰胺键,参与脂代谢、神经递质调控等过程。家族其他成员包括脂肪酸酰胺水解酶(FAAH)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE),但MGLL特异性作用于单酰基甘油底物。目前"单酰基甘油脂肪酶"的中文译名存在争议,部分文献直译为"单甘油酯脂肪酶"(原英文:monoglyceride lipase)。
This gene encodes a serine hydrolase of the AB hydrolase superfamily that catalyzes the conversion of monoacylglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol. The encoded protein plays a critical role in several physiological processes including pain and nociperception through hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Expression of this gene may play a role in cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]
这个基因编码催化酰基甘油酯为游离脂肪酸和甘油的转化对AB水解酶超家族的丝氨酸水解酶。所编码的蛋白在几种生理过程,包括疼痛和nociperception通过内源性大麻素2-花生四烯酸甘油酯水解的关键作用。这个基因的表达可能在癌症肿瘤发生和转移的作用。编码多种亚型选择性剪接的转录物变体已经观察到这种基因。 [由RefSeq的,2012年2月提供]
MGLL基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
MGLL基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
561 Glycerolipid metabolism [PATH:hsa00561] |
4723 Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling [PATH:hsa04723] |
名称 |
---|
Acyl chain remodeling of DAG and TAG |
Arachidonate production from DAG |
Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis |
G alpha (q) signalling events |
Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK |
Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis |
GPCR downstream signaling |
Hemostasis |
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)-mediated triacylglycerol hydrolysis |
Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport |
Metabolism |
Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins |
Phospholipid metabolism |
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation |
Signal Transduction |
Signaling by GPCR |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Osteoporosis | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Obesity | 0.003724241 | 6 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Colorectal Cancer | 0.000542884 | 2 | 0 | BeFree |
Colorectal Carcinoma | 0.000542884 | 2 | 0 | BeFree |
Adenoma | 0.000271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree |
Glioma | 0.000271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree |
Malignant neoplasm of breast | 0.000271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree |
Pain | 0.000271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree |
Breast Carcinoma | 0.000271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree |
Prostate carcinoma | 0.000271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree |
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