KIR2DL2(杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体2DL2)属于KIR基因家族,该家族编码的蛋白质主要表达在自然杀伤(NK)细胞和部分T细胞表面,参与免疫调节。KIR2DL2是一种抑制性受体,通过识别特定的MHC I类分子(如HLA-C1组)传递抑制信号,防止NK细胞攻击自身正常细胞。其胞内段含有免疫受体酪氨酸抑制基序(ITIM),可招募磷酸酶以阻断激活信号通路。该基因的多态性与多种疾病相关,例如某些自身免疫病(如类风湿关节炎)和感染性疾病(如HIV进展)的风险变化有关。KIR2DL2的突变可能导致NK细胞功能异常,表现为对病毒感染或肿瘤细胞的杀伤能力改变,或引发自身免疫反应。当KIR2DL2过表达时,可能过度抑制NK细胞活性,降低机体抗肿瘤和抗病毒免疫应答;而表达降低则可能导致NK细胞过度激活,增加自身免疫疾病风险。KIR基因家族的共性包括:均位于19号染色体上的白细胞受体复合物(LRC)区域,编码的受体均含有免疫球蛋白样结构域,且根据功能分为抑制型(含ITIM)和激活型(含跨膜带电荷残基)。KIR2DL2与家族其他成员(如KIR2DL1、KIR2DL3)具有相似的基因结构,但配体结合特异性不同。该基因还与生殖成功相关,母体KIR2DL2与胎儿HLA-C的特定组合可能影响妊娠结局。在肿瘤免疫治疗中,KIR2DL2的调控被视为潜在靶点,通过阻断其抑制信号可增强NK细胞对肿瘤的杀伤作用。
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(的KIRs)是通过自然杀伤细胞和T细胞亚群表达跨膜糖蛋白。的KIR基因多态和高度同源的并且它们中的1兆白细胞受体复合物(LRC)内染色体19q13.4群集找到。的KIR基因簇的基因含量的单倍型的不同而不同,虽然有几个“框架”的基因在所有的单倍型(KIR3DL3,KIR3DP1,KIR3DL4,KIR3DL2)找到。的KIR蛋白由细胞外免疫球蛋白结构域(2D或3D)的数目和由划分他们是否具有长(L)或短(S) - 胞质域。与长的胞质域的KIR蛋白质在配体经由一个基于免疫受体酪氨酸的抑制基序(ITIM)结合转导抑制性信号,同时与短胞质域KIR蛋白缺乏ITIM基序,而是与TYRO蛋白酪氨酸激酶关联结合蛋白转导激活信号。数KIR蛋白配体是HLA I类分子的子集;因而,KIR蛋白被认为在免疫应答的调节中发挥着重要作用。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
KIR2DL2基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
KIR2DL2基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
4650 Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity [PATH:hsa04650] |
4612 Antigen processing and presentation [PATH:hsa04612] |
5332 Graft-versus-host disease [PATH:hsa05332] |
名称 |
---|
Adaptive Immune System |
Immune System |
Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent | 0.012920927 | 7 | 1 | BeFree_GAD |
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic | 0.00973957 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Psoriasis | 0.009468128 | 4 | 0 | GAD |
HIV Infections | 0.00764398 | 5 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Spontaneous abortion | 0.007458414 | 3 | 0 | GAD_LHGDN |
Graft-vs-Host Disease | 0.007372538 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Hepatitis C | 0.007372538 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
leukemia | 0.007101096 | 3 | 0 | GAD |
Multiple Sclerosis | 0.005005506 | 3 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Rheumatoid Arthritis | 0.005005506 | 3 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
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