HMGCR(3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶)是胆固醇生物合成途径中的关键限速酶,属于HMG-CoA还原酶基因家族。该基因位于人类5号染色体上,编码的蛋白质主要存在于肝脏和内质网膜上,负责催化HMG-CoA转化为甲羟戊酸,这是胆固醇合成的关键步骤。HMGCR的活性直接影响体内胆固醇水平,因此它是降胆固醇药物他汀类的主要靶点。HMGCR的表达受多种因素调控,包括固醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBPs)的转录调控以及胆固醇的负反馈抑制。HMGCR突变可能导致酶活性异常,引发家族性高胆固醇血症等代谢疾病,增加心血管疾病风险。该基因过表达会促进胆固醇合成,可能导致高胆固醇血症和动脉粥样硬化;而表达降低则可能减少胆固醇合成,但过度抑制可能影响细胞膜形成和类固醇激素合成。HMGCR基因家族成员均参与类异戊二烯代谢途径,具有保守的催化结构域和跨膜区域。研究发现HMGCR还与某些癌症进展相关,因为甲羟戊酸途径的中间产物对肿瘤细胞增殖至关重要。此外,HMGCR多态性可能影响个体对他汀类药物的反应差异。
HMG-CoA reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis and is regulated via a negative feedback mechanism mediated by sterols and non-sterol metabolites derived from mevalonate, the product of the reaction catalyzed by reductase. Normally in mammalian cells this enzyme is suppressed by cholesterol derived from the internalization and degradation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) via the LDL receptor. Competitive inhibitors of the reductase induce the expression of LDL receptors in the liver, which in turn increases the catabolism of plasma LDL and lowers the plasma concentration of cholesterol, an important determinant of atherosclerosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]
HMG-CoA还原酶是胆固醇合成的限速酶,并通过从甲羟戊酸通过还原酶催化的反应的产物衍生的固醇和非甾醇代谢物介导的负反馈机制被调节。通常在哺乳动物细胞中这种酶是通过从经由LDL受体的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的内化和降解衍生的胆固醇抑制。还原酶的竞争性抑制剂诱导在肝,这反过来又增加血浆LDL的分解代谢和降低胆固醇的血浆浓度,动脉粥样硬化的重要决定因素LDL受体的表达。已发现该基因编码不同亚型选择性剪接转录变异体。 [由RefSeq的,2008年8月提供]
HMGCR基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
HMGCR基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 900 Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis [PATH:hsa00900] |
| 4152 AMPK signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04152] |
| 4976 Bile secretion [PATH:hsa04976] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Activation of gene expression by SREBF (SREBP) |
| Cholesterol biosynthesis |
| Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism |
| Metabolism |
| Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins |
| PPARA activates gene expression |
| Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis by SREBP (SREBF) |
| Regulation of lipid metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 0.210530151 | 14 | 1 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN_RGD |
| Kidney Failure, Chronic | 0.2 | 2 | 0 | CTD_human_RGD |
| Liver carcinoma | 0.120814326 | 5 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
| Myopathy | 0.120542884 | 3 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
| Autoimmune Diseases | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Biliary calculi | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 0.087372538 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_GAD_RGD |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent | 0.085276948 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_GAD_RGD |
| Metabolic Syndrome X | 0.080271442 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_RGD |
| Reperfusion Injury | 0.08 | 2 | 0 | RGD |
山东省济南市章丘区文博路2号 齐鲁师范学院 genelibs生信实验室
山东省济南市高新区舜华路750号大学科技园北区F座4单元2楼
电话: 0531-88819269
E-mail: product@genelibs.com
关注微信订阅号,实时查看信息,关注医学生物学动态。