GNRHR(促性腺激素释放激素受体)基因编码促性腺激素释放激素受体(GnRHR),这是一种G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR),主要表达于垂体前叶的促性腺激素细胞表面。该受体通过与下丘脑分泌的促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)结合,激活下游信号通路(如磷脂酶C-IP3/DAG途径),调控促黄体生成素(LH)和促卵泡激素(FSH)的合成与释放,从而影响性腺功能、性激素分泌及生殖系统发育。GNRHR属于GPCR家族中的A类视紫红质亚家族,其特点是具有7个跨膜结构域,依赖G蛋白传递信号。GNRHR基因突变可导致功能异常,如受体表达减少、与GnRH结合能力下降或信号转导缺陷,引发低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退症(HH),表现为青春期延迟、不孕不育等。某些突变(如Q106R、R262Q)与常染色体隐性遗传的先天性HH相关。若GNRHR过表达,可能增强垂体对GnRH的敏感性,导致促性腺激素过度分泌,引发性早熟或多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS);而表达降低则可能模拟HH症状,抑制性腺功能。该基因与家族性HH、特发性低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退(IHH)等疾病密切相关。GNRHR基因家族(GPCR家族)的共性包括:通过构象变化传递胞外信号、依赖G蛋白激活次级信使(如cAMP、Ca2+)、参与多种生理过程调控。研究GNRHR有助于开发治疗生殖障碍(如HH)或激素依赖性癌症(如前列腺癌)的靶向药物,如GnRH类似物(激动剂/拮抗剂)。
This gene encodes the receptor for type 1 gonadotropin-releasing hormone. This receptor is a member of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. It is expressed on the surface of pituitary gonadotrope cells as well as lymphocytes, breast, ovary, and prostate. Following binding of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, the receptor associates with G-proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Activation of the receptor ultimately causes the release of gonadotropic luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Defects in this gene are a cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. More than 18 transcription initiation sites in the 5' region and multiple polyA signals in the 3' region have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
该基因编码1型促性腺激素释放激素受体。该受体是七跨膜G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)家族的一个成员。它是垂体gonadotrope细胞以及淋巴细胞,乳腺癌,卵巢癌,和前列腺的表面上表达。以下促性腺激素释放激素的结合,受体联营与激活磷脂酰钙第二信使系统的G-蛋白。受体的激活最终导致促性腺激素的黄体生成素(LH)和卵泡刺激素(FSH)的释放。在这个基因的缺陷是性腺机能减退(11H)的一个原因。在多个转录剪接变异体导致编码不同亚型。在5‘区和在3多polyA信号‘区超过18的转录起始位点已被确定为这个基因。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
GNRHR基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
GNRHR基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 4080 Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction [PATH:hsa04080] |
| 4912 GnRH signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04912] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) |
| G alpha (q) signalling events |
| Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK |
| GPCR downstream signaling |
| GPCR ligand binding |
| Hormone ligand-binding receptors |
| Signal Transduction |
| Signaling by GPCR |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism | 0.2 | 8 | 2 | MGD_UNIPROT |
| Hypogonadism | 0.138812823 | 10 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN |
| Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism | 0.1351248 | 48 | 10 | BeFree_CLINVAR_GAD |
| Isolated lutropin deficiency (disorder) | 0.120271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
| Adrenal Gland Neoplasms | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Klinefelter Syndrome | 0.009771907 | 36 | 6 | BeFree |
| Malignant neoplasm of prostate | 0.006362715 | 7 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
| Malignant neoplasm of breast | 0.006091273 | 6 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
| Pituitary Diseases | 0.005700279 | 21 | 0 | BeFree |
| melanoma | 0.0054487 | 2 | 0 | LHGDN |
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