GNA11(鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白亚基α-11)属于G蛋白α亚基家族中的Gαq亚基家族,该家族成员(包括GNAQ、GNA14等)共同特点是能够激活磷脂酶Cβ(PLCβ),进而触发肌醇三磷酸(IP3)和二酰基甘油(DAG)信号通路,调控细胞内钙离子释放和蛋白激酶C(PKK)活化。GNA11编码的G蛋白α亚基在多种组织中表达,尤其在黑色素细胞、血管平滑肌和内分泌腺中发挥关键作用,参与细胞增殖、分化和激素分泌等生理过程。其功能依赖于与G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)结合后的GTP/GDP循环转换,当受体激活时,Gαq亚基释放GDP并结合GTP,解离出Gβγ二聚体,直接激活下游效应分子。GNA11的功能突变(如Q209L或R183C)会导致组成性激活,持续刺激PLCβ通路,与多种疾病密切相关,最常见的是葡萄膜黑色素瘤(约占83%的病例),这些突变使细胞获得增殖优势并逃避凋亡。此外,GNA11突变还与斯特奇-韦伯综合征(一种神经皮肤综合征)及原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进相关。若GNA11过表达,会异常增强PLCβ信号,促进肿瘤发生和血管异常增生;而表达降低则可能影响激素分泌和钙稳态调控。在黑色素瘤中,GNA11与GNAQ突变相互排斥,表明二者功能冗余但致癌途径重叠。该基因家族成员均通过相似的Gαq-PLCβ-DAG/IP3通路传导信号,但组织分布和调控特异性存在差异。针对GNA11突变的靶向药物(如PKC抑制剂或MEK抑制剂)正在临床试验中,用于治疗葡萄膜黑色素瘤。研究还发现GNA11与Wnt/β-catenin通路存在交叉调控,可能影响肿瘤侵袭性。
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which function as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. G proteins are composed of 3 units: alpha, beta and gamma. This gene encodes one of the alpha subunits (subunit alpha-11). Mutations in this gene have been associated with hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type II (HHC2) and hypocalcemia dominant 2 (HYPOC2). Patients with HHC2 and HYPOC2 exhibit decreased or increased sensitivity, respectively, to changes in extracellular calcium concentrations. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013]
由该基因编码的蛋白质属于家庭鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白(G蛋白),它的功能在各种跨膜信号系统调节剂或换能器。体G蛋白是由3个单元:α,β和γ。这个基因编码的α亚基中的一个(亚基的α-11)。在这种基因突变与性低钙高钙血症II型(HHC2)和低钙血症显性2(HYPOC2)相关联。患者HHC2和HYPOC2展品分别减少或增加的敏感性,在细胞外钙离子浓度的变化。 [由RefSeq的,2013年12月提供]
GNA11基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
GNA11基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 4020 Calcium signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04020] |
| 4022 cGMP - PKG signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04022] |
| 4540 Gap junction [PATH:hsa04540] |
| 4911 Insulin secretion [PATH:hsa04911] |
| 4912 GnRH signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04912] |
| 4270 Vascular smooth muscle contraction [PATH:hsa04270] |
| 4725 Cholinergic synapse [PATH:hsa04725] |
| 4730 Long-term depression [PATH:hsa04730] |
| 5200 Pathways in cancer [PATH:hsa05200] |
| 5146 Amoebiasis [PATH:hsa05146] |
| 5142 Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) [PATH:hsa05142] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Acetylcholine regulates insulin secretion |
| ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 |
| Fatty Acids bound to GPR40 (FFAR1) regulate insulin secretion |
| Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion |
| G alpha (q) signalling events |
| Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK |
| GPCR downstream signaling |
| Hemostasis |
| Integration of energy metabolism |
| Metabolism |
| Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation |
| Regulation of insulin secretion |
| Signal amplification |
| Signal Transduction |
| Signaling by GPCR |
| Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) |
| Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| HYPOCALCIURIC HYPERCALCEMIA, FAMILIAL, TYPE II (disorder) | 0.24 | 1 | 2 | CLINVAR_UNIPROT |
| HYPOCALCEMIA, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 2 | 0.24 | 2 | 5 | CLINVAR_UNIPROT |
| Uveal melanoma | 0.127057489 | 28 | 1 | BeFree_CTD_human |
| melanoma | 0.125624334 | 13 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD |
| Congenital Heart Defects | 0.120271442 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
| Nevus, Blue | 0.002909916 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
| Nevus | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
| Uveal Neoplasms | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
| Hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, familial, type 1 | 0.001628651 | 6 | 0 | BeFree |
| Hypercalcemia | 0.001085767 | 4 | 0 | BeFree |
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