GLUD1基因编码谷氨酸脱氢酶1(Glutamate Dehydrogenase 1),这是一种线粒体酶,主要催化谷氨酸和α-酮戊二酸之间的可逆转化,参与氮代谢和能量生成。该酶在肝脏、脑、胰腺等组织中高表达,尤其在胰岛β细胞中通过调节谷氨酸代谢影响胰岛素分泌。GLUD1的突变可能导致高胰岛素性低血糖症(HI/HA综合征),表现为餐后低血糖和血氨升高,这是由于突变导致酶活性增强,过度刺激胰岛素释放。此外,GLUD1异常表达还与神经退行性疾病(如阿尔茨海默病)相关,可能通过影响神经递质平衡或线粒体功能。GLUD1属于谷氨酸脱氢酶基因家族,该家族成员(如GLUD2为睾丸特异性同工酶)均以NAD(P)+为辅酶,参与氨基酸代谢和能量稳态。过表达GLUD1会增强氨解毒和胰岛素分泌,但可能引发低血糖;而表达降低可能导致氨积累、神经兴奋毒性或能量供应不足。该基因的调控对代谢平衡至关重要,其突变或表达异常常通过代谢通路紊乱引发疾病。
This gene encodes glutamate dehydrogenase protein; a mitochondrial matrix enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia. This enzyme has an important role in regulating amino acid induced insulin secretion and activating mutations in this gene are a common cause of congenital hyperinsulinism. This enzyme is allosterically activated by ADP and inhibited by GTP and ATP. The related glutamate dehydrogenase 2 gene on the human X-chromosome originated from this gene via retrotransposition and encodes a soluble form of glutamate dehydrogenase. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene are present in humans.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]
该基因编码谷氨酸脱氢酶蛋白;线粒体基质酶催化谷氨酸到α-酮戊二酸和氨的氧化脱氨。这种酶在调节氨基酸诱导的胰岛素分泌和激活在这个基因的突变是先天性高胰岛素血症的常见原因有重要作用。这种酶变构由ADP激活和GTP和ATP的抑制。人类X染色体上的相关的谷氨酸脱氢酶2基因通过反转录来源于该基因与编码谷氨酸脱氢酶的可溶形式。该基因的多个假都存在于人类。[由RefSeq的,2009年09月提供]
GLUD1基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
GLUD1基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 910 Nitrogen metabolism [PATH:hsa00910] |
| 250 Alanine |
| 330 Arginine and proline metabolism [PATH:hsa00330] |
| 471 D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism [PATH:hsa00471] |
| 4964 Proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation [PATH:hsa04964] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Amino acid synthesis and interconversion (transamination) |
| Metabolism |
| Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 6 | 0.481357209 | 8 | 10 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
| Hyperinsulinism | 0.127534359 | 10 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN |
| Hyperammonemia | 0.12272435 | 2 | 0 | CTD_human_LHGDN |
| Fetal Growth Retardation | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Reperfusion Injury | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
| Seizures | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
| Fascioliasis | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
| Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
| Brain Ischemia | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
| Absence Epilepsy | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
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