GCK (glucokinase)

symbol:
GCK
locus group:
protein-coding gene
location:
7p13
gene_family:
alias symbol:
HK4
alias name:
hexokinase 4
entrez id:
2645
ensembl gene id:
ENSG00000106633
ucsc gene id:
uc003tkl.3
refseq accession:
NM_000162
hgnc_id:
HGNC:4195
approved reserved:
1991-06-05
7p13
基因染色体位置图

GCK(葡萄糖激酶)基因位于人类7号染色体(7p13),编码葡萄糖激酶,是己糖激酶家族(HK家族)的成员之一。该家族共有四种成员(HK1-4),其共性是催化葡萄糖磷酸化为葡萄糖-6-磷酸,这是糖酵解的第一步反应。GCK作为HK4,与其他家族成员不同,主要在肝脏和胰腺β细胞中表达,对葡萄糖浓度变化高度敏感且不受产物抑制,因此在血糖稳态调节中起关键作用。在胰腺β细胞中,GCK作为葡萄糖传感器,当血糖升高时促进胰岛素分泌;在肝细胞中,它调控糖原合成和糖酵解。GCK基因突变可导致多种疾病:功能丧失性突变引发青少年发病的成人型糖尿病2型(MODY2),表现为轻度空腹高血糖;而功能获得性突变则导致先天性高胰岛素血症,引发低血糖。GCK过表达会增强葡萄糖代谢,可能导致低血糖和胰岛素分泌增加;反之,表达降低则会导致高血糖和胰岛素分泌受损。GCK与2型糖尿病密切相关,其多态性可能影响糖尿病易感性。由于GCK在葡萄糖代谢中的核心地位,它已成为糖尿病药物开发的重要靶点,如小分子GCK激活剂正在研发用于治疗2型糖尿病。

Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. Alternative splicing of this gene results in three tissue-specific forms of glucokinase, one found in pancreatic islet beta cells and two found in liver. The protein localizes to the outer membrane of mitochondria. In contrast to other forms of hexokinase, this enzyme is not inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate but remains active while glucose is abundant. Mutations in this gene have been associated with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), maturity onset diabetes of the young, type 2 (MODY2) and persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI). [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

己糖激酶磷酸化葡萄糖,以产生葡萄糖-6-磷酸,在大多数葡萄糖代谢途径的第一个步骤。葡萄糖激酶的三个具体组织形式,胰岛β细胞一经发现和肝脏中发现了两个这种基因的结果选择性剪接。该蛋白质定位于线粒体的外膜。相对于其他形式的己糖激酶,这种酶不被其产物葡萄糖-6-磷酸抑制,但而葡萄糖是丰富保持有效。在这个基因的突变已与非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM),年轻的,2型(MODY2)的成年起病型糖尿病和婴儿期的持久性高胰岛素低血糖症(PHHI)相关联。 [由RefSeq的,2009年4月提供]

GCK基因的碱基序列:[NCBI]
Loading Gene Browser...
GCK基因的碱基突变:           仅显示部分snp
rs730497       rs741038       rs741039       rs758985       rs758986       rs758987       rs758988       rs758989       rs887686       rs887687       rs887688       rs1076439       rs1303722       rs1476891       rs1799831       rs1799884       rs1990458      

GCK基因在不同组织中的表达:    [UniProt]

基因在不同组织中的表达图
正向引物序列
正向Tm值
反向引物序列
反向Tm值
评分
GACGTAATGCGCATCACTG
60
GATGAAGGTGATCTCGCAG
58
ATGAAACACAAGAAGCTGCC
60
GAGAAGGATGCCCTTATCGA
59
CAACTCCCAGGTAGAGCAG
60
TCCATCTCCTTCTGCATCC
59
ATGCAGATTCAGGAGGTGG
60
GGATCTGCTCTACTAGCCC
59
CAACTCCCAGGTAGAGCAG
60
TCCATCTCCTTCTGCATCC
59
GACGTAATGCGCATCACTG
60
GATGAAGGTGATCTCGCAG
58
CTCTGACTGGGCACTAACC
60
CCTATGAGCTTCTCATACAGCT
60
ACTGCTGAGATGATGAAACAC
59
GTCCAGTTGAGAAGGATGC
58
AAGAAGGAGAAGGTAGAGCAG
59
ATCTCCTTCTGCATCCGTC
59
CAGCCTTGACTCTGGTAGAG
60
TCTGCATCCGTCTCATCAC
60
转录因子
影响基因
影响类型
参考文献链接(PubMed)
HIF1A
GCK
Unknown
HNF4A
GCK
Unknown
PDX1
GCK
Activation
USF1
GCK
Activation

GCK基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:

[UniProt]     [GenomeNet]

" d="M482.414,245.296c3.539,4.293,4.455,10.009,0.202,11 c-4.244,0.996-4.983-10.983-8.293-8.438c-5.271,4.08,9.834,12.271,5.144,17.287c-3.717,3.607-6.172-5.75-10.839-1.976 c-4.673,3.776,6.781,7.299,2.831,11.326c-4.354,4.045-6.979-1.449-9.837-5.517c-1.193-1.742-2.059-3.851-3.595-2.748 c-1.516,1.078-1.854,1.795-0.938,3.666c2.374,4.854,9.235,10.119,5.156,12.535c-5.636,3.346-5.044-8.871-9.426-7.574 c-4.388,1.291,2.557,10.66-1.245,11.141c-4.089,0.545-3.483-10.239-6.979-8.575c-2.522,1.206-0.929,3.071-0.938,4.899 c0.004,1.32-0.964,3.6-2.372,4.062c-3.593,1.171-8.544-1.065-10.251-3.59c-6.04-8.93,0.396-15.997,4.639-7.015 c3.023,4.642,5.182,0.834,2.839-2.219c-1.032-1.354-4.309-5.901-0.781-7.252c2.904-1.113,4.271,1.941,5.985,4.592 c2.61,4.016,5.485,0.117,3.031-3.414c-1.828-2.633-2.74-3.803,3.156-7.42c6.405-4.369,6.52,3.869,10.077,0.646 c2.309-1.832-4.783-5.149,0.06-8.995c2.896-2.293,5.18,6.207,7.961,3.516c3.523-2.737-7.717-7.369,0.117-11.736 C473.413,240.77,480.519,242.891,482.414,245.296z"/> Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
  • 质膜
  • 细胞质
  • 细胞外
  • 高尔基体
  • 囊泡
  • 细胞骨架
  • 内质网
  • 细胞核
  • 内体
  • 溶酶体
  • 线粒体

GCK基因的本体(GO)信息:

GO库代码
对应的蛋白质
来源代码
GO:0001678
C9JQD1 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0004396
C9JQD1 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005524
C9JQD1 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005536
C9JQD1 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005623
C9JQD1 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006096
C9JQD1 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0046835
C9JQD1 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0001678
H7BXV0 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0004396
H7BXV0 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005524
H7BXV0 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005536
H7BXV0 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005623
H7BXV0 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006096
H7BXV0 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0046835
H7BXV0 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0000287
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0001678
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0004340
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0004340
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0004340
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0004340
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0004340
P35557 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005515
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005524
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005524
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005524
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005536
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005536
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005536
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005654
P35557 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005654
P35557 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005654
P35557 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005739
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005739
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005829
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0005829
P35557 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
P35557 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
P35557 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
P35557 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
P35557 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
P35557 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005884
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005978
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006003
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006096
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0006110
P35557 (UniProtKB)
NAS
GO:0006739
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0007204
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0010827
P35557 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0015758
P35557 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0019903
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0019932
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0030141
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0032024
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IMP
GO:0032024
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IMP
GO:0032811
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0032869
P35557 (UniProtKB)
ISS
GO:0042149
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0042593
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IMP
GO:0042593
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IMP
GO:0043266
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0043531
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0044320
P35557 (UniProtKB)
ISS
GO:0045180
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0045721
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IMP
GO:0045725
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IMP
GO:0045821
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0046835
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0046835
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0050796
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IMP
GO:0051156
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0051594
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IMP
GO:0055088
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0061621
P35557 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0070509
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0008865
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0019158
P35557 (UniProtKB)
IBA

可能调控 GCK基因的相关microRNA:     

Reactome

BioGrid

IntAct

mentha

String

基因与其他基因之间的相互作用关系图
序号 作用方式 资源库来源/分值 基因名称 基因名称
疾病名称 关系值 NofPmids NofSnps 来源
疾病名称 关系值 NofPmids NofSnps 来源
Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 3 0.48 1 3 CLINVAR_CTD_human_ORPHANET_UNIPROT
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent 0.415172221 170 8 BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN_MGD_RGD
DIABETES MELLITUS, PERMANENT NEONATAL 0.362442977 9 6 BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_ORPHANET
Diabetes mellitus autosomal dominant type II (disorder) 0.325157396 29 2 BeFree_CTD_human_MGD_UNIPROT
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental 0.2 2 0 CTD_human_RGD
Hyperglycemia 0.15627486 83 3 BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN
Maturity onset diabetes mellitus in young 0.154201676 126 6 BeFree_CTD_human
Gestational Diabetes 0.144808288 25 16 BeFree_CLINVAR_GAD_LHGDN
Congenital Hyperinsulinism 0.127458414 3 0 CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN
Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental 0.12 1 0 CTD_human

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