FOLH1(folate hydrolase 1)基因编码一种称为谷氨酸羧肽酶II(GCPII)的蛋白质,也被称为前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)。该蛋白是一种II型跨膜糖蛋白,主要在前列腺上皮细胞中高表达,但在其他组织如小肠、肾脏和中枢神经系统也有分布。FOLH1的主要功能是水解多聚谷氨酸化的叶酸,将其转化为可被细胞吸收的单谷氨酸形式,从而参与叶酸代谢。此外,它还能水解神经递质N-乙酰天冬氨酰谷氨酸(NAAG),在中枢神经系统中调节谷氨酸能神经传递。FOLH1的突变或异常表达可能与多种疾病相关,例如前列腺癌中FOLH1通常过表达,使其成为诊断和治疗靶点(如PSMA靶向放射性配体疗法)。FOLH1的过表达还可能促进肿瘤血管生成和转移,而降低表达可能影响叶酸吸收或神经信号传导。该基因属于M28肽酶家族,该家族成员多为金属依赖型水解酶,参与蛋白质加工和小分子代谢。FOLH1的遗传变异可能增加某些神经系统疾病(如精神分裂症)的风险,因其影响NAAG水解和谷氨酸水平。研究还发现FOLH1在肿瘤微环境中的免疫调节作用,可能通过影响叶酸代谢参与免疫逃逸。
This gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the M28 peptidase family. The protein acts as a glutamate carboxypeptidase on different alternative substrates, including the nutrient folate and the neuropeptide N-acetyl-l-aspartyl-l-glutamate and is expressed in a number of tissues such as prostate, central and peripheral nervous system and kidney. A mutation in this gene may be associated with impaired intestinal absorption of dietary folates, resulting in low blood folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. Expression of this protein in the brain may be involved in a number of pathological conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. In the prostate the protein is up-regulated in cancerous cells and is used as an effective diagnostic and prognostic indicator of prostate cancer. This gene likely arose from a duplication event of a nearby chromosomal region. Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]
该基因编码属于M28肽家族II型跨膜糖蛋白。该蛋白质作为在不同的替代衬底谷氨酸羧肽,包括营养叶酸和神经肽的N-乙酰基-L-天冬氨酰-L-谷氨酸,并在若干组织如前列腺癌,中枢和周围神经系统及肾脏中表达。在该基因中的突变可能与饮食叶酸的肠道吸收受损相关联,导致低血液叶酸水平和随之而来的高半胱氨酸血症。在大脑中这种蛋白质的表达可能是参与许多的与谷氨酸兴奋性中毒相关的病理状况。在前列腺的蛋白质被上调在癌细胞和用作前列腺癌的一种有效的诊断和预后指标。该基因从附近的染色体区域的复制事件可能产生的。选择性剪接产生编码几个不同亚型的多个抄本变形。 [由RefSeq的,2010年7月提供]
FOLH1基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
FOLH1基因的本体(GO)信息:
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Prostatic Neoplasms | 0.129258818 | 9 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_LHGDN |
Malignant neoplasm of prostate | 0.037307089 | 122 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Prostate carcinoma | 0.032573025 | 120 | 0 | BeFree |
Colorectal Cancer | 0.008186863 | 5 | 2 | BeFree_GAD |
Hyperhomocysteinemia | 0.005276948 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Kidney Failure, Chronic | 0.005091382 | 1 | 0 | GAD_LHGDN |
Cardiovascular Diseases | 0.005005506 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Coronary heart disease | 0.004734064 | 2 | 0 | GAD |
Neural Tube Defects | 0.004734064 | 2 | 0 | GAD |
Adenocarcinoma | 0.003538676 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_LHGDN |
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