ELOVL4(超长链脂肪酸延伸酶4,英文全称Elongation of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids Protein 4)属于ELOVL基因家族,该家族共有7个成员(ELOVL1-7),主要负责催化超长链脂肪酸(VLCFAs,碳链长度≥26)的延伸合成,这是脂质代谢的关键步骤。ELOVL4的特异性在于它主要参与C28-C36超长链脂肪酸的合成,尤其是视网膜和皮肤中富含的极长链多不饱和脂肪酸(如ω-3和ω-6系列),这些脂质对光感受器细胞外节盘膜结构和皮肤屏障功能至关重要。ELOVL4在视网膜、大脑、睾丸和皮肤中高表达,其作用位点位于内质网。突变会导致功能丧失,引发常染色体显性斯塔格特病(STGD3),表现为青少年黄斑变性,原因是突变蛋白错误折叠并滞留于内质网,引发内质网应激反应,最终导致光感受器细胞凋亡。此外,某些突变与癫痫和鱼鳞病相关,说明其对神经和表皮功能的影响。过表达ELOVL4可能增强VLCFA合成,但异常积累可能引发脂毒性;而表达降低会导致光感受器外节盘膜结构缺陷和皮肤保水能力下降。该基因家族共性为均含保守的组氨酸簇(HXXHH motif)和内质网定位信号,但各成员底物偏好性不同。研究还发现ELOVL4与年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)和某些癌症的脂代谢异常有关,使其成为潜在治疗靶点。
This gene encodes a membrane-bound protein which is a member of the ELO family, proteins which participate in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Consistent with the expression of the encoded protein in photoreceptor cells of the retina, mutations and small deletions in this gene are associated with Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (STGD3) and autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (ADMD), also referred to as autosomal dominant atrophic macular degeneration. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
该基因编码一种膜结合蛋白,其是ELO家族蛋白,参与脂肪酸生物合成的一个成员。与编码的蛋白在视网膜上,在该基因的突变,小的缺失与斯塔加特状黄斑营养不良(STGD3)和常染色体显性遗传斯塔加特状黄斑营养不良(ADMD)相关联的感光细胞中的表达相一致,也被称为常染色体主导萎缩性黄斑变性。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
ELOVL4基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
ELOVL4基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
62 Fatty acid elongation [PATH:hsa00062] |
名称 |
---|
Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism |
Fatty Acyl-CoA Biosynthesis |
Metabolism |
Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins |
Synthesis of very long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs |
Triglyceride Biosynthesis |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Erythrokeratodermia with ataxia | 0.36 | 1 | 1 | CLINVAR_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Stargardt disease 3 | 0.321085767 | 4 | 2 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_MGD |
ICHTHYOSIS, SPASTIC QUADRIPLEGIA, AND MENTAL RETARDATION | 0.24 | 0 | 1 | CLINVAR_ORPHANET |
Stargardt's disease | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | ORPHANET |
Age related macular degeneration | 0.015330228 | 29 | 2 | BeFree_GAD_LHGDN |
Macular degeneration | 0.00434307 | 16 | 0 | BeFree |
Hereditary macular dystrophy | 0.003800186 | 14 | 0 | BeFree |
Macular dystrophy | 0.003800186 | 14 | 0 | BeFree |
Retinitis Pigmentosa | 0.003538676 | 3 | 1 | BeFree_LHGDN |
Disorder of macula of retina | 0.002909916 | 3 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
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