ELANE基因编码中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(Neutrophil Elastase),这是一种由中性粒细胞分泌的丝氨酸蛋白酶,主要参与先天免疫防御系统。该酶在炎症反应中发挥关键作用,能够降解细胞外基质蛋白(如弹性蛋白、胶原蛋白和纤维连接蛋白),从而帮助中性粒细胞迁移至感染或损伤部位。此外,ELANE还参与病原体清除,通过水解细菌外膜蛋白直接杀死微生物。ELANE主要在骨髓、脾脏和中性粒细胞中高表达,其活性受到α1-抗胰蛋白酶(α1-AT)等抑制剂的严格调控,以防止过度组织损伤。ELANE属于丝氨酸蛋白酶家族(Serine Protease Family),该家族成员均具有催化三联体(His-Asp-Ser)结构,参与蛋白水解、血液凝固和免疫调节等生理过程。ELANE基因突变可导致其功能异常,最常见的是与严重先天性中性粒细胞减少症(SCN)和周期性中性粒细胞减少症(CyN)相关。突变可能造成酶的错误折叠或过度激活,引发未成熟中性粒细胞凋亡或组织损伤。例如,某些突变导致内质网应激反应,干扰中性粒细胞分化,最终表现为骨髓衰竭和反复感染。ELANE过表达会加剧炎症反应,与慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)和肺气肿等疾病相关,因其过度降解肺组织弹性纤维。相反,ELANE表达不足可能削弱宿主防御能力,增加细菌感染风险。该基因还与某些癌症(如白血病)的进展相关,因其能促进肿瘤微环境重塑。在基因调控层面,ELANE表达受转录因子(如C/EBPα和PU.1)调控,其异常可能影响其他免疫相关基因(如MMP9或CXCL8)的表达。研究还发现ELANE可激活TGF-β等信号通路,参与组织修复与纤维化过程。
Elastases form a subfamily of serine proteases that hydrolyze many proteins in addition to elastin. Humans have six elastase genes which encode the structurally similar proteins. The product of this gene hydrolyzes proteins within specialized neutrophil lysosomes, called azurophil granules, as well as proteins of the extracellular matrix following the protein's release from activated neutrophils. The enzyme may play a role in degenerative and inflammatory diseases by its proteolysis of collagen-IV and elastin of the extracellular matrix. This protein degrades the outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of E. coli as well as the virulence factors of such bacteria as Shigella, Salmonella and Yersinia. Mutations in this gene are associated with cyclic neutropenia and severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). This gene is clustered with other serine protease gene family members, azurocidin 1 and proteinase 3 genes, at chromosome 19pter. All 3 genes are expressed coordinately and their protein products are packaged together into azurophil granules during neutrophil differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009]
弹性蛋白酶形成水解许多蛋白质??除了弹性丝氨酸蛋白酶亚科。人类有哪些编码结构相似的蛋白6基因蛋白酶。该基因的产物水解以下从活化的中性粒细胞的蛋白质的释放专门嗜中性粒细胞溶酶体,称为嗜苯胺蓝粒,以及细胞外基质的蛋白内的蛋白质。所述酶可以通过其胶原IV和细胞外基质的弹性蛋白的蛋白水解起到退行性疾病和炎性疾病的作用。这种蛋白降解的大肠杆菌的外膜蛋白A(OmpA的)以及诸如细菌作为志贺氏菌,沙门氏菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏的毒力因子。在这个基因的突变与循环中性粒细胞减少和严重的先天性中性粒细胞减少(SCN)有关。该基因簇与其他丝氨酸蛋白酶基因家族成员,azurocidin 1和蛋白酶3个基因,染色体19pter。所有3基因表达的协调和它们的蛋白产物中性粒细胞分化过程中一起打包成嗜苯胺蓝粒。 [由RefSeq的,2009年5月提供]
ELANE基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
ELANE基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 5202 Transcriptional misregulation in cancers [PATH:hsa05202] |
| 5322 Systemic lupus erythematosus [PATH:hsa05322] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases |
| Collagen degradation |
| Degradation of the extracellular matrix |
| Extracellular matrix organization |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| Cyclic neutropenia | 0.484614512 | 20 | 7 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
| Neutropenia, Severe Congenital, Autosomal Dominant 1 | 0.36 | 13 | 11 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_UNIPROT |
| Neutropenia | 0.147876144 | 22 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN |
| Congenital neutropenia | 0.020282196 | 66 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
| Severe congenital neutropenia | 0.017915164 | 66 | 0 | BeFree |
| Inflammation | 0.010897401 | 4 | 0 | LHGDN |
| Malignant neoplasm of lung | 0.006634157 | 7 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
| Pulmonary Emphysema | 0.005700279 | 21 | 0 | BeFree |
| Myocardial Infarction | 0.005091382 | 1 | 0 | GAD_LHGDN |
| Lung diseases | 0.004353001 | 7 | 0 | BeFree_LHGDN |
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