CTSD基因编码组织蛋白酶D(Cathepsin D),这是一种溶酶体天冬氨酸蛋白酶,属于肽酶A1家族。该基因家族成员具有保守的天冬氨酸活性位点,主要功能是在酸性环境下水解蛋白质,参与细胞内蛋白质降解、抗原呈递及组织重塑等过程。CTSD以前体形式合成,经糖基化和磷酸化修饰后转运至溶酶体,并在酸性环境中自激活为成熟酶。其生物学功能包括降解胞内异常蛋白、参与凋亡信号传导(如切割Bid蛋白诱导线粒体途径凋亡)以及乳腺发育中的组织重构。突变可导致溶酶体贮积症,如神经元蜡样脂褐质沉积症(NCL10),表现为神经退行性变、视力丧失和早夭。CTSD过表达与乳腺癌、卵巢癌等恶性肿瘤进展相关,能促进肿瘤细胞侵袭转移,其机制涉及基底膜降解(如层粘连蛋白水解)和生长因子激活;同时与阿尔茨海默病相关,可能通过加速β-淀粉样蛋白生成。表达降低则导致溶酶体功能障碍,引发自噬缺陷和异常蛋白累积,如帕金森病中α-突触核蛋白清除受阻。该基因与组织蛋白酶B/E等构成溶酶体蛋白酶网络,其表达异常会扰动整个降解系统,例如CTSD缺失会代偿性上调其他组织蛋白酶。作为肽酶A1家族成员,其共性包括依赖酸性pH发挥活性、前体自激活特性以及底物选择性(优先水解疏水性残基间的肽键)。
This gene encodes a lysosomal aspartyl protease composed of a dimer of disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, both produced from a single protein precursor. This proteinase, which is a member of the peptidase C1 family, has a specificity similar to but narrower than that of pepsin A. Transcription of this gene is initiated from several sites, including one which is a start site for an estrogen-regulated transcript. Mutations in this gene are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including breast cancer and possibly Alzheimer disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
这个基因编码二硫键连接的重链和轻链的二聚体,无论是从一个单一的蛋白前体产生的组成的溶酶体天冬氨酰蛋白酶。这种蛋白酶,它是肽酶的C1家族的一员,具有从几个地点发起的,其中一个是一个起始位点为雌激素调节转录相似但窄于该基因的胃蛋白酶A.转录的特异性。在这个基因的突变涉及几种疾病,包括乳腺癌和可能阿尔茨海默病的发病机制。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
CTSD基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
CTSD基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
4071 Sphingolipid signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04071] |
4142 Lysosome [PATH:hsa04142] |
5152 Tuberculosis [PATH:hsa05152] |
名称 |
---|
Adaptive Immune System |
Collagen degradation |
Degradation of the extracellular matrix |
Extracellular matrix organization |
Immune System |
Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins |
Metabolism of proteins |
MHC class II antigen presentation |
Peptide hormone metabolism |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
NEURONAL CEROID LIPOFUSCINOSIS DUE TO CATHEPSIN D DEFICIENCY | 0.56 | 2 | 6 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_MGD_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Liver carcinoma | 0.120814326 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
Rheumatoid Arthritis | 0.120271442 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
Degenerative polyarthritis | 0.120271442 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
Weight Gain | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Renal Cell Carcinoma | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Prostatic Neoplasms | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Neoplasm Invasiveness | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Kidney Diseases | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 1 | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
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