CRYAA(αA-晶状体蛋白)属于小热休克蛋白(sHSP)家族,主要功能是维持晶状体的透明性和结构稳定性。它在眼睛晶状体中高度表达,作为分子伴侣帮助其他蛋白质正确折叠并防止其聚集,从而避免白内障的形成。CRYAA通过与受损蛋白质结合,防止它们形成不溶性聚集体,维持晶状体的光学特性。该基因的突变(如R116C、R49C)会导致蛋白质错误折叠或功能丧失,引发遗传性白内障,表现为晶状体混浊和视力下降。CRYAA过表达可能增强其伴侣功能,延缓白内障进展,但过度积累也可能干扰其他蛋白质功能;而表达降低则会导致晶状体蛋白质聚集,加速白内障发生。小热休克蛋白家族的共性包括分子量较小(12-43 kDa)、具有保守的α-晶状体蛋白结构域、在应激条件下发挥分子伴侣功能以及形成大型多聚体复合物。CRYAA还与衰老相关眼病和某些神经系统疾病(如阿尔茨海默病)中的蛋白质聚集有关,因为其伴侣功能可能影响β-淀粉样蛋白等错误折叠蛋白的清除。
Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families. Alpha crystallins are composed of two gene products: alpha-A and alpha-B, for acidic and basic, respectively. Alpha crystallins can be induced by heat shock and are members of the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family. They act as molecular chaperones although they do not renature proteins and release them in the fashion of a true chaperone; instead they hold them in large soluble aggregates. Post-translational modifications decrease the ability to chaperone. These heterogeneous aggregates consist of 30-40 subunits; the alpha-A and alpha-B subunits have a 3:1 ratio, respectively. Two additional functions of alpha crystallins are an autokinase activity and participation in the intracellular architecture. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Alpha-A and alpha-B gene products are differentially expressed; alpha-A is preferentially restricted to the lens and alpha-B is expressed widely in many tissues and organs. Defects in this gene cause autosomal dominant congenital cataract (ADCC). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
哺乳动物镜头晶状体分为α,β和γ家庭。阿尔法晶状体组成的两种基因产物:字母A和字母B,分别用于酸性和碱性。阿尔法晶状体可以通过热休克诱导,并且是小的热休克蛋白(HSP20)家族的成员。他们作为分子伴侣,虽然他们不复性蛋白质和在一个真正的伴侣的方式释放他们。相反,他们拿着他们在大型可溶性聚集。翻译后修饰降低到伴侣的能力。这些异构聚集包括30-40亚基; α-A和阿尔法-B亚基具有一个3:1的比例,分别为。阿尔法晶状体的另外两个功能都在细胞内结构的autokinase活动和参与。所编码的蛋白质已被鉴定为是根据它来执行机制上不同功能能力的兼职蛋白。阿尔法-A和α-B基因产物差异表达;阿尔法-A优先限制在透镜和α-B在许多组织和器官中广泛表达。缺陷这个基因导致常染色体显性遗传先天性白内障(ADCC)。 [由RefSeq的,2014年1月提供]
CRYAA基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
CRYAA基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| CATARACT, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT | 0.32 | 5 | 6 | CLINVAR_MGD_UNIPROT |
| Cataract | 0.217878945 | 23 | 4 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN_RGD |
| Nuclear non-senile cataract | 0.120814326 | 3 | 2 | BeFree_ORPHANET |
| Nuclear cataract | 0.120814326 | 3 | 2 | BeFree_ORPHANET |
| Age-related cataract | 0.120271442 | 2 | 1 | BeFree_GWASCAT |
| CATARACT, ANTERIOR POLAR | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | ORPHANET |
| Autoimmune Diseases | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Uveitis | 0.12 | 2 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Cataract microcornea syndrome | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | ORPHANET |
| Congenital total cataract | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | ORPHANET |
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