CD4是一种位于细胞表面的糖蛋白,属于免疫球蛋白超家族(Immunoglobulin superfamily),主要表达于辅助性T细胞(Th细胞)、调节性T细胞(Treg)、单核细胞和树突状细胞等免疫细胞上。它的生物学功能是作为T细胞受体(TCR)的共受体,通过与主要组织相容性复合体II类分子(MHC-II)结合,增强T细胞对抗原的识别和信号传导。CD4与MHC-II的相互作用对于激活T细胞和启动适应性免疫应答至关重要。CD4还参与免疫突触的形成,促进T细胞与其他免疫细胞之间的相互作用。CD4基因位于人类第12号染色体上(12p13.31),其表达产物是免疫系统正常功能的关键分子。CD4突变可能导致严重的免疫缺陷,例如某些原发性免疫缺陷病,患者表现为易感染和免疫功能紊乱。CD4也是人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的主要受体,HIV通过结合CD4进入T细胞,导致CD4+ T细胞数量减少和功能受损,最终引发获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)。CD4表达水平的变化对机体有显著影响:CD4过表达可能导致自身免疫性疾病,如类风湿性关节炎或多发性硬化症,因为过度活化的T细胞会攻击自身组织;而CD4表达降低则会导致免疫抑制,增加感染和肿瘤的风险。CD4属于CD分子家族(Cluster of Differentiation),该家族包含大量免疫细胞表面标志物,用于区分和鉴定不同免疫细胞亚群。CD家族的共性是其成员多为细胞膜蛋白,参与细胞间识别、信号传导和免疫调节。CD4的表达水平常被用作评估免疫状态的指标,例如HIV感染者的CD4+ T细胞计数是疾病进展和治疗效果的重要监测参数。
This gene encodes a membrane glycoprotein of T lymphocytes that interacts with major histocompatibility complex class II antigenes and is also a receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus. This gene is expressed not only in T lymphocytes, but also in B cells, macrophages, and granulocytes. It is also expressed in specific regions of the brain. The protein functions to initiate or augment the early phase of T-cell activation, and may function as an important mediator of indirect neuronal damage in infectious and immune-mediated diseases of the central nervous system. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]
该基因编码的T淋巴细胞的膜糖蛋白,其与主要组织相容性复合II类antigenes相互作用并且也是对人免疫缺陷病毒的受体。该基因被表达不仅在T淋巴细胞,而且在B细胞,巨噬细胞和粒细胞。它也是在大脑的特定区域来表示。该蛋白质的功能以引发或增强T细胞活化的早期阶段,并且可以作为在中枢神经系统的感染性和免疫介导的疾病的间接的神经元损伤的重要介质的作用。编码不同同种型的多个可变剪接转录物变体在该基因被鉴定。 [由RefSeq的,2010年8月提供]
CD4基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
CD4基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
4514 Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) [PATH:hsa04514] |
4640 Hematopoietic cell lineage [PATH:hsa04640] |
4612 Antigen processing and presentation [PATH:hsa04612] |
4660 T cell receptor signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04660] |
5340 Primary immunodeficiency [PATH:hsa05340] |
名称 |
---|
Adaptive Immune System |
Alpha-defensins |
Binding and entry of HIV virion |
Costimulation by the CD28 family |
Defensins |
Disease |
Downstream TCR signaling |
Early Phase of HIV Life Cycle |
Generation of second messenger molecules |
HIV Infection |
HIV Life Cycle |
Host Interactions of HIV factors |
Immune System |
Infectious disease |
Innate Immune System |
Nef Mediated CD4 Down-regulation |
Nef-mediates down modulation of cell surface receptors by recruiting them to clathrin adapters |
PD-1 signaling |
Phosphorylation of CD3 and TCR zeta chains |
TCR signaling |
The role of Nef in HIV-1 replication and disease pathogenesis |
Translocation of ZAP-70 to Immunological synapse |
Vpu mediated degradation of CD4 |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
OKT4 EPITOPE DEFICIENCY | 0.12 | 0 | 1 | CLINVAR |
Nerve Degeneration | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
IGA Glomerulonephritis | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Sialadenitis | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
Arthritis, Experimental | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
Arthritis, Infectious | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis | 0.08 | 2 | 0 | RGD |
HIV Infections | 0.038085195 | 79 | 0 | BeFree_GAD_LHGDN |
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