CA1基因编码碳酸酐酶1(Carbonic Anhydrase 1),属于碳酸酐酶(Carbonic Anhydrase, CA)基因家族。碳酸酐酶家族是一类含锌金属酶,主要功能是催化二氧化碳与水可逆反应生成碳酸氢盐和质子(CO2 + H2O ⇌ HCO3- + H+),参与酸碱平衡、离子转运、呼吸作用及多种生理过程。CA1主要在红细胞中高表达,也存在于胃肠道、肾脏等组织,其特点是催化效率中等(较CA2低),但对某些芳香磺酰胺类抑制剂更敏感。CA1的作用位点包括红细胞内(维持CO2运输效率)和消化道(调节分泌功能)。若CA1发生突变,可能导致酶活性降低,影响红细胞内CO2水合反应,但通常症状较轻(因CA2可代偿),极少数病例报道与肾小管酸中毒或骨质疏松相关。CA1表达异常与某些疾病有关:过表达可能促进肿瘤微环境酸化(如结肠癌),而低表达可能与某些贫血类型相关。CA家族共性包括:均含保守的锌离子结合位点(His94, His96, His119)、参与pH调节,但各亚型组织分布和催化效率差异大。CA1过表达可能通过改变局部pH影响邻近基因(如VEGF)的活性,促进血管生成;而敲低CA1可能干扰红细胞CO2运输,但机体通常通过其他CA亚型(如CA2)代偿。目前"碳酸酐酶"的中文译名存在争议,部分文献沿用英文简称CA(原英文:Carbonic Anhydrase)。
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. This CA1 gene is closely linked to the CA2 and CA3 genes on chromosome 8. It encodes a cytosolic protein that is found at the highest level in erythrocytes. Allelic variants of this gene have been described in some populations. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]
碳酸酐酶(CA)的是一个大家族催化二氧化碳可逆的水化锌金属酶。他们参与多种生物过程,包括呼吸,钙化,酸碱平衡,骨吸收,和房水的形成,脑脊髓液,唾液和胃酸。这些数字表明组织分布,并在其亚细胞定位广泛的多样性。这CA1基因是密切相关的8染色体上它编码是在红细胞的最高水平发现细胞质蛋白CA2和CA3基因。该基因的等位基因变体已在某些人群中进行了描述。选择性剪接结果在多个抄本变形。 [由RefSeq的,2014年5月提供]
CA1基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
CA1基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 910 Nitrogen metabolism [PATH:hsa00910] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Erythrocytes take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen |
| Erythrocytes take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide |
| Metabolism |
| O2/CO2 exchange in erythrocytes |
| Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Adenocarcinoma | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Pneumoconiosis | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Stomach Neoplasms | 0.12 | 2 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Kidney Diseases | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
| Malignant tumor of colon | 0.000271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | 0.000271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree |
| Obstructive chronic bronchitis with acute exacerbation | 0.000271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree |
| Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | 0.000271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree |
| Hyperthyroidism | 0.000271442 | 1 | 0 | BeFree |
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