C3(补体成分3)是补体系统(Complement system)的核心蛋白,属于补体基因家族(Complement gene family)。补体系统是先天免疫的重要组成部分,通过"补体级联反应"(一系列有序的蛋白激活过程)参与病原体清除、炎症调节和组织修复。C3在肝脏中合成,以185kDa的无活性前体形式分泌,经蛋白酶切割后形成具有活性的α链和β链。其生物学功能包括:作为"补体激活枢纽",所有三条补体激活途径(经典途径、凝集素途径和旁路途径)都汇聚于C3的裂解;裂解产物C3a是重要的过敏毒素(anaphylatoxin,能引起炎症反应的分子),C3b则参与病原体的调理作用(opsonization,标记病原体便于吞噬细胞识别)和膜攻击复合物(MAC)的形成。主要作用位点在血浆和细胞表面。C3突变可导致功能异常,如C3缺乏症会增加化脓性细菌感染风险;而过度激活则与多种疾病相关,如非典型溶血尿毒综合征(aHUS)、年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)和系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)。C3过表达会加剧炎症和自身免疫反应,可能导致组织损伤;而低表达则削弱免疫防御能力。补体基因家族的共性在于它们编码的蛋白质大多以酶原形式存在,需激活后才能发挥功能,且多参与免疫防御和炎症反应。目前C3的中文译名"补体成分3"已广泛接受,无需额外标注英文。该基因的调控异常与多种炎症性和自身免疫性疾病密切相关,是补体靶向治疗的重要对象。
Complement component C3 plays a central role in the activation of complement system. Its activation is required for both classical and alternative complement activation pathways. A peptide (C3a) derived from the encoded protein has antimicrobial activity, so people with C3 deficiency are susceptible to bacterial infection. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]
补体成分C3起着补体系统的激活中心作用。它的激活是必需的古典和替代的补体活化途径。从编码蛋白的肽(C3a的)具有抗菌活性,所以人与C3缺陷很容易受到细菌感染。 [由RefSeq的,2014年11月提供]
C3基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
C3基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
4145 Phagosome [PATH:hsa04145] |
4610 Complement and coagulation cascades [PATH:hsa04610] |
5203 Viral carcinogenesis [PATH:hsa05203] |
5322 Systemic lupus erythematosus [PATH:hsa05322] |
5133 Pertussis [PATH:hsa05133] |
5134 Legionellosis [PATH:hsa05134] |
5150 Staphylococcus aureus infection [PATH:hsa05150] |
5152 Tuberculosis [PATH:hsa05152] |
5168 Herpes simplex infection [PATH:hsa05168] |
5140 Leishmaniasis [PATH:hsa05140] |
5142 Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) [PATH:hsa05142] |
名称 |
---|
Activation of C3 and C5 |
Adaptive Immune System |
Alternative complement activation |
Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) |
Complement cascade |
G alpha (i) signalling events |
GPCR downstream signaling |
GPCR ligand binding |
Immune System |
Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell |
Initial triggering of complement |
Innate Immune System |
Peptide ligand-binding receptors |
Regulation of Complement cascade |
Signal Transduction |
Signaling by GPCR |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME, ATYPICAL, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO, 5 | 0.36 | 2 | 6 | CLINVAR_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
COMPLEMENT COMPONENT 3 DEFICIENCY, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE | 0.32 | 1 | 0 | MGD_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Age related macular degeneration | 0.311039416 | 44 | 4 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_GWASCAT_LHGDN |
Macular Degeneration, Age-Related, 9 | 0.24 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human_UNIPROT |
Transient Ischemic Attack | 0.2 | 3 | 0 | CTD_human_RGD |
Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome | 0.121357209 | 5 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
C3 Deficiency | 0.120542884 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_CLINVAR |
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent | 0.120542884 | 3 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
Paratuberculosis | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Drug-Induced Liver Injury | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
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