ATR(共济失调毛细血管扩张症和Rad3相关蛋白)是一种重要的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,属于PIKK(磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶相关激酶)家族,与ATM(共济失调毛细血管扩张症突变蛋白)共同参与DNA损伤应答(DDR)通路。ATR的主要功能是感知DNA复制压力(如单链DNA断裂或停滞的复制叉)并激活下游信号通路,通过磷酸化靶蛋白(如CHK1、p53)来阻滞细胞周期、促进DNA修复或诱导凋亡,从而维持基因组稳定性。ATR的作用位点集中在DNA损伤部位,其激活依赖于ATRIP(ATR相互作用蛋白)和TOPBP1等辅助因子。突变或功能缺失会导致严重的基因组不稳定性,表现为对复制压力极度敏感,与多种癌症(如卵巢癌、乳腺癌)和发育障碍相关。ATR过表达可能增强细胞对DNA损伤的耐受性,但可能促进肿瘤细胞存活;而表达降低或抑制会加剧基因组不稳定性,使癌细胞对化疗或放疗更敏感,因此ATR抑制剂(如AZD6738)正在临床试验中用于癌症治疗。PIKK家族成员(包括ATM、mTOR、DNA-PK等)均具有大分子量、C端激酶结构域和参与应激反应的特点,但ATR独特地专注于复制压力应答。该基因还与Seckel综合征(一种侏儒症伴智力障碍)相关,其部分突变导致功能削弱而非完全丧失。
The protein encoded by this gene belongs the PI3/PI4-kinase family, and is most closely related to ATM, a protein kinase encoded by the gene mutated in ataxia telangiectasia. This protein and ATM share similarity with Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad3, a cell cycle checkpoint gene required for cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair in response to DNA damage. This kinase has been shown to phosphorylate checkpoint kinase CHK1, checkpoint proteins RAD17, and RAD9, as well as tumor suppressor protein BRCA1. Mutations of this gene are associated with Seckel syndrome. An alternatively spliced transcript variant of this gene has been reported, however, its full length nature is not known. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyA sites exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
由该基因编码的蛋白质所属的PI3 / PI4激酶家族,和最密切相关的自动取款机,通过在共济失调毛细血管扩张症突变的基因编码的蛋白质激酶。这种蛋白质和ATM份额相似性裂殖酵母RAD3,以应对DNA损伤的细胞周期阻滞和DNA损伤修复所需要的细胞周期检验点的基因。这种激酶已经显示出磷酸化的检查点激酶CHK1,关卡蛋白RAD17,和RAD9,以及肿瘤抑制蛋白的BRCA1。此基因的突变与泽克尔综合征。这个基因的可变剪接转录物变体已有报道,但是,它的全长性质是未知的。成绩单变种利用替代多聚腺苷酸位点存在。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
ATR基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
ATR基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
3460 Fanconi anemia pathway [PATH:hsa03460] |
4110 Cell cycle [PATH:hsa04110] |
4115 p53 signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04115] |
5166 HTLV-I infection [PATH:hsa05166] |
名称 |
---|
Activation of ATR in response to replication stress |
Cell Cycle |
Cell Cycle Checkpoints |
Cellular response to heat stress |
Cellular responses to stress |
DNA Repair |
Fanconi Anemia pathway |
G2/M Checkpoints |
G2/M DNA damage checkpoint |
Meiosis |
Meiotic synapsis |
Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response |
Regulation of the Fanconi anemia pathway |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
CUTANEOUS TELANGIECTASIA AND CANCER SYNDROME, FAMILIAL | 0.36 | 1 | 1 | CLINVAR_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Seckel syndrome | 0.322985861 | 11 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_MGD_ORPHANET |
Urologic Neoplasms | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Pneumoconiosis | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Malignant neoplasm of breast | 0.017926433 | 11 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Malignant neoplasm of lung | 0.007372538 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia | 0.005895776 | 14 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Anoxia | 0.0054487 | 2 | 0 | LHGDN |
Colonic Neoplasms | 0.005091382 | 1 | 0 | GAD_LHGDN |
Pancreatic Neoplasm | 0.005005506 | 3 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
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