ALDH2(乙醛脱氢酶2)是一种重要的代谢酶,属于乙醛脱氢酶(ALDH)基因家族。该基因家族的主要功能是催化醛类化合物的氧化反应,特别是将有毒的乙醛转化为无毒的乙酸,在酒精代谢过程中起关键作用。ALDH2主要在线粒体中表达,尤其在肝脏中活性较高,是人体酒精代谢的第二阶段关键酶。ALDH2的突变会显著影响其酶活性,最常见的突变是ALDH2*2(Glu504Lys),这种突变会导致酶活性大幅下降甚至丧失。携带该突变的人群饮酒后容易因乙醛积累出现脸红、心悸等不适反应,称为“酒精 flushing 反应”。此外,ALDH2功能缺陷还与多种疾病风险相关,包括食管癌、肝癌、阿尔茨海默病和心血管疾病等。ALDH2过表达可能增强酒精代谢能力,但研究也发现其可能影响硝酸甘油的治疗效果。相反,ALDH2表达降低会导致乙醛清除能力下降,增加DNA损伤和氧化应激风险。ALDH2还参与其他生理过程,如调控活性氧水平和线粒体功能。该基因的多态性在东亚人群中特别常见,约30-50%的东亚人携带ALDH2*2突变等位基因,这解释了为什么亚洲人更容易出现饮酒后的不良反应。ALDH基因家族包含19个成员,都具有醛类代谢功能,但组织分布和底物特异性不同。ALDH2因其在酒精代谢中的核心作用和广泛研究的突变表型,成为该家族中最受关注的成员之一。
This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of proteins. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the second enzyme of the major oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism. Two major liver isoforms of aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytosolic and mitochondrial, can be distinguished by their electrophoretic mobilities, kinetic properties, and subcellular localizations. Most Caucasians have two major isozymes, while approximately 50% of Orientals have the cytosolic isozyme but not the mitochondrial isozyme. A remarkably higher frequency of acute alcohol intoxication among Orientals than among Caucasians could be related to the absence of a catalytically active form of the mitochondrial isozyme. The increased exposure to acetaldehyde in individuals with the catalytically inactive form may also confer greater susceptibility to many types of cancer. This gene encodes a mitochondrial isoform, which has a low Km for acetaldehydes, and is localized in mitochondrial matrix. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]
这种蛋白质属于醛脱氢酶家族的蛋白质。醛脱氢酶是醇代谢的主要氧化途径的第二个酶。醛脱氢酶,胞质和线粒体的两个主要的肝同种型,可以通过它们的电泳迁移率,动力学性质,和亚细胞定位进行区分。最白种人有两个主要的同功酶,而东方人的约50%具有胞质同工酶但不是线粒体同工酶。东方人比白种人之间的急性酒精中毒的一个显着更高的频率可能与缺乏线粒体同工酶的催化活性的形式。曝光增加到乙醛个体与无催化活性的形式也可以赋予更大的易感性许多类型的癌症。这个基因编码的线粒体同种型,其具有低的公里为乙醛,和在线粒体基质被定位。在多个转录剪接变异体导致不同的编码亚型。[由RefSeq的,2011年3月提供]
ALDH2基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
ALDH2基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 10 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis [PATH:hsa00010] |
| 40 Pentose and glucuronate interconversions [PATH:hsa00040] |
| 53 Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism [PATH:hsa00053] |
| 620 Pyruvate metabolism [PATH:hsa00620] |
| 71 Fatty acid degradation [PATH:hsa00071] |
| 561 Glycerolipid metabolism [PATH:hsa00561] |
| 280 Valine |
| 310 Lysine degradation [PATH:hsa00310] |
| 330 Arginine and proline metabolism [PATH:hsa00330] |
| 340 Histidine metabolism [PATH:hsa00340] |
| 380 Tryptophan metabolism [PATH:hsa00380] |
| 410 beta-Alanine metabolism [PATH:hsa00410] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Biological oxidations |
| Ethanol oxidation |
| Metabolism |
| Metabolism of serotonin |
| Neuronal System |
| Neurotransmitter Clearance In The Synaptic Cleft |
| Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds |
| Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft |
| Transmission across Chemical Synapses |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic | 0.470944373 | 141 | 3 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_GAD_GWASCAT |
| ALCOHOL SENSITIVITY, ACUTE | 0.24 | 1 | 1 | CLINVAR_CTD_human |
| Esophageal Neoplasms | 0.214123245 | 60 | 1 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN |
| Malignant neoplasm of esophagus | 0.175092902 | 54 | 1 | BeFree_GAD_GWASCAT |
| Flushing | 0.15743791 | 48 | 1 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD |
| Coronary heart disease | 0.128729747 | 10 | 1 | BeFree_GAD_GWASCAT |
| Colorectal Neoplasms | 0.127815732 | 3 | 0 | CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN |
| Asthma | 0.126091273 | 6 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus | 0.125971721 | 22 | 4 | BeFree_CTD_human |
| Precancerous Conditions | 0.122367032 | 2 | 0 | CTD_human_GAD |
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