ACTG1基因编码γ-肌动蛋白1(gamma-actin 1),属于肌动蛋白(actin)基因家族,该家族在真核生物中高度保守,主要分为α、β、γ三种亚型。肌动蛋白家族成员共同特点是形成细胞骨架微丝(microfilaments),参与细胞形态维持、运动、胞质分裂、细胞粘附和信号传导等基本生物学过程。γ-肌动蛋白1主要在非肌肉细胞中表达,尤其在上皮细胞和听觉毛细胞中丰度高,其特点是具有ATP结合和水解能力,通过聚合/解聚动态变化调节细胞骨架重构。该蛋白的作用位点集中在细胞质中的应力纤维(stress fibers)和细胞皮层(cortex),并与肌球蛋白(myosin)等马达蛋白相互作用产生机械力。ACTG1突变可导致常染色体显性非综合征性耳聋(DFNA20/26),突变多发生在蛋白的ATP结合区或聚合界面(如p.Pro332His),破坏微丝稳定性或干扰与其他细胞骨架蛋白的相互作用,最终导致耳蜗毛细胞静纤毛(stereocilia)结构异常。此外,该基因突变还与Baraitser-Winter综合征(以智力障碍、特殊面容和癫痫为特征)相关,这类突变多影响肌动蛋白与其他蛋白的结合能力。当ACTG1过表达时,可能扰乱微丝动力学平衡,导致细胞迁移异常(如肿瘤转移增强);而表达降低则可能削弱细胞机械强度,影响组织屏障功能(如耳蜗毛细胞退化)。该基因与ACTB(β-肌动蛋白)功能部分冗余,但组织分布特异性决定其不可完全被替代。目前"γ-肌动蛋白1"的中文译名存在争议,部分文献直译为gamma-肌动蛋白(gamma-actin)。
Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility, and maintenance of the cytoskeleton. In vertebrates, three main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta and gamma have been identified. The alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins co-exist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton, and as mediators of internal cell motility. Actin, gamma 1, encoded by this gene, is a cytoplasmic actin found in non-muscle cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with DFNA20/26, a subtype of autosomal dominant non-syndromic sensorineural progressive hearing loss. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]
肌动蛋白是高度保守的那些涉及各类细胞运动和细胞骨架的保养的蛋白质。在脊椎动物中,肌动蛋白同种型,α,β和γ的三个主要组也已确定。阿尔法肌动蛋白在肌肉组织中发现,并且是收缩装置的主要成分。的β和γ肌动蛋白共同存在于大多数细胞类型的细胞骨架的成分,并作为内部细胞运动的介质。肌动蛋白,γ-1,由该基因编码的,是在非肌肉细胞中发现细胞质肌动蛋白。在这种基因突变与DFNA20 / 26,常染色体显性非综合征感进行性听力损失的一个子类型相关联。选择性剪接结果在多个抄本变形。[由RefSeq的,2011年1月提供]
ACTG1基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
ACTG1基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
4015 Rap1 signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04015] |
4390 Hippo signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04390] |
4145 Phagosome [PATH:hsa04145] |
4810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton [PATH:hsa04810] |
4510 Focal adhesion [PATH:hsa04510] |
4520 Adherens junction [PATH:hsa04520] |
4530 Tight junction [PATH:hsa04530] |
4611 Platelet activation [PATH:hsa04611] |
4670 Leukocyte transendothelial migration [PATH:hsa04670] |
4921 Oxytocin signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04921] |
4919 Thyroid hormone signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04919] |
5205 Proteoglycans in cancer [PATH:hsa05205] |
5410 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) [PATH:hsa05410] |
5412 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) [PATH:hsa05412] |
5414 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) [PATH:hsa05414] |
5416 Viral myocarditis [PATH:hsa05416] |
5110 Vibrio cholerae infection [PATH:hsa05110] |
5130 Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection [PATH:hsa05130] |
5132 Salmonella infection [PATH:hsa05132] |
5131 Shigellosis [PATH:hsa05131] |
5100 Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells [PATH:hsa05100] |
5164 Influenza A [PATH:hsa05164] |
名称 |
---|
Axon guidance |
Developmental Biology |
EPH-Ephrin signaling |
EPHB-mediated forward signaling |
Fcgamma receptor (FCGR) dependent phagocytosis |
Immune System |
Innate Immune System |
Regulation of actin dynamics for phagocytic cup formation |
RHO GTPase Effectors |
RHO GTPases Activate Formins |
RHO GTPases Activate WASPs and WAVEs |
Signal Transduction |
Signaling by Rho GTPases |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Deafness, Autosomal Dominant 20 | 0.36 | 5 | 9 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_UNIPROT |
BARAITSER-WINTER SYNDROME 2 | 0.24 | 1 | 7 | CLINVAR_UNIPROT |
Osteoporosis | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Congenital neurologic anomalies | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Congenital ocular coloboma (disorder) | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Neoplastic Cell Transformation | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Craniofacial Abnormalities | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Acute Coronary Syndrome | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Animal Mammary Neoplasms | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
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