ACADM基因编码中链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶(MCAD),这是一种线粒体酶,属于酰基辅酶A脱氢酶(ACAD)基因家族。该家族成员共同参与脂肪酸β氧化过程,负责催化不同长度脂肪酸链的脱氢反应,是能量代谢的关键酶类。ACADM特异性作用于4-12个碳原子的中链脂肪酸,将其转化为烯酰辅酶A,为三羧酸循环和酮体生成提供底物。该酶主要在肝脏、心脏和肌肉等高耗能组织中表达。ACADM基因突变会导致中链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶缺乏症(MCADD),这是最常见的遗传性脂肪酸氧化障碍,典型表现为空腹低血糖、呕吐、嗜睡,严重时可引发猝死。约80%患者携带c.985A>G(K304E)热点突变,该错义突变导致酶活性丧失90%以上。突变影响酶与黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)辅因子的结合,破坏蛋白质稳定性。新生儿筛查通过检测血中C8-C10酰基肉碱可早期诊断。ACADM表达降低会显著削弱中链脂肪酸分解能力,导致能量危机和毒性代谢物积累;而过表达虽罕见,但可能改变细胞脂质代谢平衡。该基因与II型糖尿病、肥胖等代谢疾病相关,其变异可能影响胰岛素敏感性。治疗上需避免空腹,提供高碳水化合物饮食,急性期静脉补充葡萄糖。
This gene encodes the medium-chain specific (C4 to C12 straight chain) acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase. The homotetramer enzyme catalyzes the initial step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. Defects in this gene cause medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, a disease characterized by hepatic dysfunction, fasting hypoglycemia, and encephalopathy, which can result in infantile death. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
该基因编码的中链特异性的(C4至C12的直链)酰基辅酶A脱氢酶。的同源四聚体酶催化线粒体脂肪酸β-氧化途径的第一步。缺陷在该基因导致中链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶缺乏症,这种疾病的特征是肝功能障碍,空腹低血糖,和脑病,这可能会导致婴儿死亡。已发现该基因编码不同亚型选择性剪接转录变异体。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
ACADM基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
ACADM基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
1200 Carbon metabolism [PATH:hsa01200] |
1212 Fatty acid metabolism [PATH:hsa01212] |
640 Propanoate metabolism [PATH:hsa00640] |
71 Fatty acid degradation [PATH:hsa00071] |
280 Valine |
410 beta-Alanine metabolism [PATH:hsa00410] |
3320 PPAR signaling pathway [PATH:hsa03320] |
名称 |
---|
Beta oxidation of decanoyl-CoA to octanoyl-CoA-CoA |
Beta oxidation of octanoyl-CoA to hexanoyl-CoA |
Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism |
Metabolism |
Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins |
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation |
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids |
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids |
PPARA activates gene expression |
Regulation of lipid metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency | 0.579902471 | 35 | 26 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_GAD_MGD_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Necrotizing Enterocolitis | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Obesity | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Liver Failure | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Weight Gain | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors | 0.004734064 | 2 | 0 | GAD |
Liver Failure, Acute | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
Lipid Metabolism Disorders | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
Deficiency of butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
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