ACACB基因编码乙酰辅酶A羧化酶β(ACC2),这是一种在脂肪酸代谢中起关键作用的酶。ACACB主要在骨骼肌和心脏中表达,负责催化乙酰辅酶A转化为丙二酰辅酶A,这是脂肪酸合成的限速步骤。丙二酰辅酶A不仅是脂肪酸合成的底物,还能抑制肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1(CPT1),从而调节线粒体脂肪酸氧化。ACACB通过这种双重作用在能量平衡中扮演重要角色,既促进脂肪储存又调节脂肪分解。ACACB属于乙酰辅酶A羧化酶基因家族,该家族还包括ACACA(编码ACC1)。这两个基因产物结构相似,但组织分布和功能不同:ACC1主要在肝脏和脂肪组织中表达,主导脂肪酸合成;而ACC2则更多参与脂肪酸氧化的调控。ACACB基因突变可能导致酶活性改变,与代谢性疾病密切相关。研究发现ACACB功能丧失突变可能增强脂肪酸氧化,改善胰岛素敏感性,因此被认为可能对抗肥胖和2型糖尿病有保护作用。相反,ACACB过表达会导致丙二酰辅酶A水平升高,抑制脂肪酸氧化,促进脂肪堆积,这可能加剧肥胖和胰岛素抵抗。ACACB还与心血管疾病相关,因为其在心肌能量代谢中的作用。某些ACACB多态性与冠状动脉疾病风险相关。此外,ACACB表达异常还可能与癌症有关,因为癌细胞常重编程代谢途径以满足其快速增殖的能量需求。在动物模型中,ACACB敲除小鼠表现出更高的脂肪酸氧化率、较低的体脂含量和对高脂饮食诱导肥胖的抗性,同时保持正常的血糖水平。这些发现使ACACB成为代谢性疾病治疗的潜在靶点。目前正在研究通过调节ACACB活性来治疗肥胖、糖尿病和相关代谢紊乱的策略。
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a complex multifunctional enzyme system. ACC is a biotin-containing enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. ACC-beta is thought to control fatty acid oxidation by means of the ability of malonyl-CoA to inhibit carnitine-palmitoyl-CoA transferase I, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid uptake and oxidation by mitochondria. ACC-beta may be involved in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, rather than fatty acid biosynthesis. There is evidence for the presence of two ACC-beta isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
乙酰-CoA羧化酶(ACC)是一个复杂的多功能酶系统。 ACC是含生物素的酶,其催化乙酰-CoA到丙二酰-CoA,在脂肪酸合成的限速步骤的羧化。 ACC-β被认为通过的丙二酰-CoA抑制肉碱棕榈酰 - 辅酶A转移酶I,在脂肪酸的摄取和氧化由线粒体的限速步骤的能力来控制的脂肪酸氧化。 ACC-β可能参与脂肪酸氧化,而不是脂肪酸生物合成的调节。有两个ACC-β同种型的存在的证据。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
ACACB基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
ACACB基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 1212 Fatty acid metabolism [PATH:hsa01212] |
| 620 Pyruvate metabolism [PATH:hsa00620] |
| 640 Propanoate metabolism [PATH:hsa00640] |
| 61 Fatty acid biosynthesis [PATH:hsa00061] |
| 254 Aflatoxin biosynthesis |
| 4152 AMPK signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04152] |
| 4910 Insulin signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04910] |
| 4922 Glucagon signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04922] |
| 4920 Adipocytokine signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04920] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Activation of gene expression by SREBF (SREBP) |
| Biotin transport and metabolism |
| ChREBP activates metabolic gene expression |
| Defective HLCS causes multiple carboxylase deficiency |
| Defects in biotin (Btn) metabolism |
| Defects in vitamin and cofactor metabolism |
| Disease |
| Diseases of metabolism |
| Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism |
| Import of palmitoyl-CoA into the mitochondrial matrix |
| Integration of energy metabolism |
| Metabolism |
| Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins |
| Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors |
| Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors |
| Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis by SREBP (SREBF) |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| Insulin Resistance | 0.202367032 | 3 | 0 | CTD_human_GAD_RGD |
| Obesity | 0.121357209 | 6 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
| Fatty Liver | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 0.007372538 | 3 | 3 | BeFree_GAD |
| Metabolic Syndrome X | 0.005276948 | 3 | 1 | BeFree_GAD |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent | 0.003995683 | 6 | 2 | BeFree_GAD |
| Alzheimer's Disease | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
| Tobacco Use Disorder | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
| Obesity, Abdominal | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
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