Dietary and chemopreventive strategies may be used to stem the development of human cancer. This emerging field has increasing potential for influencing cancer incidence rates in defined high-risk groups and the general population. Colorectal cancer in particular, although the fourth most common cancer in the world, due to its temporal nature is amenable to both dietary and chemopreventive strategies. This chapter does not attempt to be all-embracing, but to serve its purpose will concentrate on major natural components of the diet and chemical additions that may be added to it, i.e. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which by a common mechanism may reduce risk and recurrence of colorectal cancer.