Home LiteratureArticle Details

PMID: 9384377 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The complete genome sequence of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis.

Nature ·Vol. 390 ·No. 6657 ·1997-11-20 ·Pages 249-56

Kunst F, Ogasawara N, Moszer I, Albertini AM, Alloni G, Azevedo V, Bertero MG, Bessières P, Bolotin A, Borchert S, Borriss R, Boursier L, Brans A, Braun M, Brignell SC, Bron S, Brouillet S, Bruschi CV, Caldwell B, Capuano V, Carter NM, Choi SK, Cordani JJ, Connerton IF, Cummings NJ, Daniel RA, Denziot F, Devine KM, Düsterhöft A, Ehrlich SD, Emmerson PT, Entian KD, Errington J, Fabret C, Ferrari E, Foulger D, Fritz C, Fujita M, Fujita Y, Fuma S, Galizzi A, Galleron N, Ghim SY, Glaser P, Goffeau A, Golightly EJ, Grandi G, Guiseppi G, Guy BJ, Haga K, Haiech J, Harwood CR, Hènaut A, Hilbert H, Holsappel S, Hosono S, Hullo MF, Itaya M, Jones L, Joris B, Karamata D, Kasahara Y, Klaerr-Blanchard M, Klein C, Kobayashi Y, Koetter P, Koningstein G, Krogh S, Kumano M, Kurita K, Lapidus A, Lardinois S, Lauber J, Lazarevic V, Lee SM, Levine A, Liu H, Masuda S, Mauël C, Médigue C, Medina N, Mellado RP, Mizuno M, Moestl D, Nakai S, Noback M, Noone D, O'Reilly M, Ogawa K, Ogiwara A, Oudega B, Park SH, Parro V, Pohl TM, Portelle D, Porwollik S, Prescott AM, Presecan E, Pujic P, Purnelle B, Rapoport G, Rey M, Reynolds S, Rieger M, Rivolta C, Rocha E, Roche B, Rose M, Sadaie Y, Sato T, Scanlan E, Schleich S, Schroeter R, Scoffone F, Sekiguchi J, Sekowska A, Seror SJ, Serror P, Shin BS, Soldo B, Sorokin A, Tacconi E, Takagi T, Takahashi H, Takemaru K, Takeuchi M, Tamakoshi A, Tanaka T, Terpstra P, Togoni A, Tosato V, Uchiyama S, Vandebol M, Vannier F, Vassarotti A, Viari A, Wambutt R, Wedler H, Weitzenegger T, Winters P, Wipat A, Yamamoto H, Yamane K, Yasumoto K, Yata K, Yoshida K, Yoshikawa HF, Zumstein E, Yoshikawa H, Danchin A

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis is the best-characterized member of the Gram-positive bacteria. Its genome of 4,214,810 base pairs comprises 4,100 protein-coding genes. Of these protein-coding genes, 53% are represented once, while a quarter of the genome corresponds to several gene families that have been greatly expanded by gene duplication, the largest family containing 77 putative ATP-binding transport proteins. In addition, a large proportion of the genetic capacity is devoted to the utilization of a variety of carbon sources, including many plant-derived molecules. The identification of five signal peptidase genes, as well as several genes for components of the secretion apparatus, is important given the capacity of Bacillus strains to secrete large amounts of industrially important enzymes. Many of the genes are involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, that are more typically associated with Streptomyces species. The genome contains at least ten prophages or remnants of prophages, indicating that bacteriophage infection has played an important evolutionary role in horizontal gene transfer, in particular in the propagation of bacterial pathogenesis.

MeSH Terms

Bacillus subtilis/genetics,metabolism Bacterial Proteins/genetics Cloning, Organism DNA, Bacterial Genome, Bacterial Molecular Sequence Data

Chemicals

Bacterial Proteins DNA, Bacterial

Authors & Affiliations

150 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID

Kunst F

Ogasawara N

Moszer I

Albertini A M

Alloni G

Azevedo V

Bertero M G

Bessières P

Bolotin A

Borchert S

Borriss R

Boursier L

Brans A

Braun M

Brignell S C

Bron S

Brouillet S

Bruschi C V

Caldwell B

Capuano V

Carter N M

Choi S K

Cordani J J

Connerton I F

Cummings N J

Daniel R A

Denziot F

Devine K M

Düsterhöft A

Ehrlich S D

Emmerson P T

Entian K D

Errington J

Fabret C

Ferrari E

Foulger D

Fritz C

Fujita M

Fujita Y

Fuma S

Galizzi A

Galleron N

Ghim S Y

Glaser P

Goffeau A

Golightly E J

Grandi G

Guiseppi G

Guy B J

Haga K

Haiech J

Harwood C R

Hènaut A

Hilbert H

Holsappel S

Hosono S

Hullo M F

Itaya M

Jones L

Joris B

Karamata D

Kasahara Y

Klaerr-Blanchard M

Klein C

Kobayashi Y

Koetter P

Koningstein G

Krogh S

Kumano M

Kurita K

Lapidus A

Lardinois S

Lauber J

Lazarevic V

Lee S M

Levine A

Liu H

Masuda S

Mauël C

Médigue C

Medina N

Mellado R P

Mizuno M

Moestl D

Nakai S

Noback M

Noone D

O'Reilly M

Ogawa K

Ogiwara A

Oudega B

Park S H

Parro V

Pohl T M

Portelle D

Porwollik S

Prescott A M

Presecan E

Pujic P

Purnelle B

Rapoport G

Rey M

Reynolds S

Rieger M

Rivolta C

Rocha E

Roche B

Rose M

Sadaie Y

Sato T

Scanlan E

Schleich S

Schroeter R

Scoffone F

Sekiguchi J

Sekowska A

Seror S J

Serror P

Shin B S

Soldo B

Sorokin A

Tacconi E

Takagi T

Takahashi H

Takemaru K

Takeuchi M

Tamakoshi A

Tanaka T

Terpstra P

Togoni A

Tosato V

Uchiyama S

Vandebol M

Vannier F

Vassarotti A

Viari A

Wambutt R

Wedler H

Weitzenegger T

Winters P

Wipat A

Yamamoto H

Yamane K

Yasumoto K

Yata K

Yoshida K

Yoshikawa H F

Zumstein E

Yoshikawa H

Danchin A

Article Info

Journal

Nature

Abbr.

Nature

ISSN

0028-0836

DOI

10.1038/36786

Published

1997-11-20

Pages

249-56

Language

English

Region

England

NLM ID

0410462

Subset

Databases

GENBANK

Z97024, Z97025, Z99104, Z99105, Z99106, Z99107, Z99108, Z99109, Z99110, Z99111, Z99112, Z99113, Z99114, Z99115, Z99116, Z99117, Z99118, Z99119, Z99120, Z99121, Z99122, Z99123, Z99124

Corrections

CommentIn

PMID: 9384371

External Links

PubMed source DOI: 10.1038/36786 View journal details

Analysis Services

The complete genome sequence of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis.

Contact

WeChat Official Account