Antigen receptor function in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells.

Functional studies revealed that two groups of B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) can be distinguished based on their capacity to mount a proliferative response following B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) cross-linking. The molecular basis for the functional distinction between these B-CLL groups most probably resides within or proximal to the BCR since non-responsive B-CLL, in marked contrast to responsive B-CLL, do not respond to BCR ligation with tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular substrates and increases in the free intracellular [Ca++]. Detailed biochemical analysis showed overall structural identity between responsive and non-responsive B-CLL with respect to both transmembrane and intracellular associates of the BCR complex. However expression levels of the protein tyrosine kinase syk, which is a key enzyme for the early signalling through the BCR, were found to be markedly lower in non-proliferating B-CLL. Here we will review current functional and biochemical data on responding and non-responding B-CLL and discuss the relevance of these findings for disease progression and our insight into the immunobiology of B-CLL.