Polymerase chain reaction--based sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization analysis of HLA class II antigens in pulmonary tuberculosis: relevance to chemotherapy and disease severity.

HLA antigens were studied by serology and polymerase chain reaction-based sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization techniques in 153 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 289 healthy controls. HLA-DR2 was present more frequently in PTB patients than in controls (51% vs. 36.3%; corrected P[Pc]=.029, relative risk [RR] = 1.8). The DR2 association was stronger in patients in the drug-failure group (n=56; Pc=.000012, RR=3.7) than in healthy controls and in patients in the drug-responder group. No significant deviation was observed in HLA allelic frequencies in various patient groups, as determined by radiographs of lung lesions. Molecular subtyping of DR2 revealed that the bulk of the allele was DRB1*1501 and DRB1*1502 in patients and controls. There was no skewing of the frequency of these molecular subtypes of DR2 in patients, suggesting that the whole DR2 molecule or its closely linked gene(s) may be involved in governing patient susceptibility to PTB and, particularly, development of the severe drug-resistant form of the disease.