Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 8613546 Published · ppublish English Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Endogenous growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone is required for GH responses to pharmacological stimuli.

The Journal of clinical investigation ·Vol. 97 ·No. 4 ·1996-02-15 ·Pages 934-40

Jaffe CA, DeMott-Friberg R, Barkan AL

Abstract

The roles of hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and of somatostatin (SRIF) in pharmacologically stimulated growth hormone (GH) secretion in humans are unclear. GH responses could result either from GHRH release or from acute decline in SRIF secretion. To assess directly the role of endogenous GHRH in human GH secretion, we have used a competitive GHRH antagonist, (N-Ac-Tyr1,D-Arg2)GHRH(1-29)NH2 (GHRH-Ant), which we have previously shown is able to block the GH response to GHRH. We first tested whether an acute decline in SRIF, independent of GHRH action, would release GH. Pretreatment with GHRH-Ant abolished the GH response to exogenous GHRH (0.33 microgram/kg i.v.) but did not modify the GH rise after termination of an SRIF infusion. We then investigated the role of endogenous GHRH in the GH responses to pharmacologic stimuli of GH release. The GH responses to arginine (30 g i.v. over 30 min), L-dopa (0.5 g orally), insulin hypoglycemia (0.1 U/Kg i.v.), clonidine (0.25 mg orally), or pyridostigmine (60 mg orally) were measured in healthy young men after pretreatment with either saline of GHRH-Ant 400 microgram/kg i.v. In every case, GH release was significantly suppressed by GHRH-Ant. We conclude that endogenous GHRH is required for the GH response to each of these pharmacologic stimuli. Acute release of hypothalamic GHRH may be a common mechanism by which these compounds mediate GH secretion.

MeSH Terms
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology Arginine/pharmacology Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology Clonidine/pharmacology Female Growth Hormone/metabolism Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors,physiology Hormone Antagonists/pharmacology Humans Hypoglycemia/metabolism Levodopa/pharmacology Male Pyridostigmine Bromide/pharmacology Secretory Rate/drug effects Somatostatin/physiology
Chemicals
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Cholinesterase Inhibitors Hormone Antagonists Levodopa Somatostatin Growth Hormone Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Arginine Pyridostigmine Bromide Clonidine
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Jaffe C A
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
DeMott-Friberg R
Barkan A L
References (44)
44 references, click to expand
  1. Acute growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing hexapeptide in humans is independent of endogenous GH-releasing hormone.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 Oct;75(4):1121-4 PMID: 1400881
  2. Acute changes in growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion after injection of BIM 23014, a long acting somatostatin analog, in rams.
    Life Sci. 1992;51(11):831-8 PMID: 1355850
  3. Neostigmine stimulates growth hormone-releasing hormone release into hypophysial portal blood of conscious sheep.
    Endocrinology. 1993 Mar;132(3):1247-51 PMID: 8095014
  4. Suppression of growth hormone (GH) secretion by a selective GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) antagonist. Direct evidence for involvement of endogenous GHRH in the generation of GH pulses.
    J Clin Invest. 1993 Aug;92(2):695-701 PMID: 8349808
  5. Effects of a prolonged growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide infusion on pulsatile GH secretion in normal men.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Dec;77(6):1641-7 PMID: 7903313
  6. Somatostatin withdrawal alone is an ineffective generator of pulsatile growth hormone release in man.
    Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1993 Nov;129(5):414-8 PMID: 7904112
  7. Role of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone and somatostatin in the mediation of clonidine-induced GH release in sheep.
    Endocrinology. 1994 Feb;134(2):562-7 PMID: 7905408
  8. Growth hormone releasing hormone 1-44 NH2 and 1-40 OH levels in normal subjects during growth hormone stimulation tests.
    Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994 Jan;40(1):97-102 PMID: 8306488
  9. Human growth hormone.
    Pharmacol Rev. 1994 Mar;46(1):1-34 PMID: 8190748
  10. Relationship between hypophyseal portal GHRH and somatostatin and peripheral GH levels in the conscious sheep.
    J Endocrinol Invest. 1994 Oct;17(9):717-22 PMID: 7868816
  11. Acetylcholine does not stimulate the release of growth hormone from perifused rat adenohypophyses.
    Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1979 Jul;57(7):748-50 PMID: 487284
  12. Acetylcholine inhibits the release of somatostatin from rat hypothalamus in vitro.
    Endocrinology. 1980 Jul;107(1):122-9 PMID: 6103801
  13. Peripheral plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactive responses to insulin hypoglycemia and a mixed meal in healthy subjects and in noninsulin-dependent maturity-onset diabetics.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1981 Feb;52(2):330-7 PMID: 6109733
  14. Characteristics of the post-somatostatin rebound in growth hormone secretion from perifused somatotrophs.
    Endocrinology. 1983 Sep;113(3):1056-61 PMID: 6135602
  15. Stimulation by food of peripheral plasma immunoreactive growth hormone releasing factor.
    Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1985 Mar;22(3):337-40 PMID: 3919975
  16. Variations of plasma growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor levels during GH stimulation tests in children.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985 Jun;60(6):1132-4 PMID: 3923020
  17. Pulsatile growth hormone secretion in normal man during a continuous 24-hour infusion of human growth hormone releasing factor (1-40). Evidence for intermittent somatostatin secretion.
    J Clin Invest. 1985 May;75(5):1584-90 PMID: 2860126
  18. Patterns of growth hormone-releasing factor and somatostatin secretion into the hypophysial-portal circulation of the rat.
    Science. 1985 Oct 25;230(4724):461-3 PMID: 2864742
  19. L-dopa stimulates release of hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone in humans.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986 Mar;62(3):466-73 PMID: 3080462
  20. Dual effects of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone infusion in normal men: somatotroph desensitization and increase in releasable GH.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986 Mar;62(3):591-4 PMID: 3080467
  21. Somatostatin mediation of adenohypophysial secretion.
    Annu Rev Physiol. 1986;48:551-67 PMID: 2871809
  22. Potentiation of cholinergic tone by pyridostigmine bromide re-instates and potentiates the growth hormone responsiveness to intermittent administration of growth hormone-releasing factor in man.
    Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1986 Sep;113(1):12-6 PMID: 3020850
  23. Effect of oral glucose administration on plasma growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-like immunoreactivity levels in normal subjects and patients with idiopathic GH deficiency: evidence that GHRH is released not only from the hypothalamus but also from extrahypothalamic tissue.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987 Jan;64(1):92-7 PMID: 3097059
  24. Additive effects of growth hormone releasing factor and insulin hypoglycaemia on growth hormone release in man.
    Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1987 May;26(5):589-95 PMID: 3117447
  25. Insulinhypoglycemia but not arginine infusion stimulates circulating plasma growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) concentrations in children.
    Horm Metab Res. 1987 Sep;19(9):434-6 PMID: 3121486
  26. Discordant effects of insulin-hypoglycemia on growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-stimulated GH and thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing hormone-stimulated TSH secretion.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988 Apr;66(4):872-5 PMID: 3126217
  27. Withdrawal of endogenous somatostatin induces secretion of growth hormone-releasing factor in rats.
    J Endocrinol. 1988 May;117(2):245-52 PMID: 2897995
  28. Synaptic communication between somatostatinergic axons and growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) synthesizing neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the rat.
    Histochemistry. 1988;89(3):247-52 PMID: 2900229
  29. Variable plasma growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone and GH responses to clonidine, L-dopa, and insulin in normal men.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988 Oct;67(4):845-9 PMID: 3138280
  30. Arginine stimulates growth hormone secretion by suppressing endogenous somatostatin secretion.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988 Dec;67(6):1186-9 PMID: 2903866
  31. Neuroendocrine regulation of human growth hormone secretion. Diagnostic and clinical applications.
    J Endocrinol Invest. 1988 Jun;11(6):441-62 PMID: 2905367
  32. The rebound release of growth hormone (GH) following somatostatin infusion in rats involves hypothalamic GH-releasing factor release.
    J Endocrinol. 1988 Dec;119(3):397-404 PMID: 2906083
  33. Interaction of clonidine and GHRH on GH secretion in vivo and in vitro.
    Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1989 May;30(5):485-91 PMID: 2514051
  34. Hypothalamic interconnections of somatostatin and growth hormone releasing factor neurons.
    Neuroendocrinology. 1989 Nov;50(5):584-91 PMID: 2575237
  35. Interaction between norepinephrine and serotonin in the neuroendocrine control of growth hormone release in the rat.
    Endocrinology. 1990 Feb;126(2):1022-30 PMID: 1688789
  36. Interaction of L-dopa and GHRH on GH secretion in normal men.
    J Endocrinol Invest. 1989 Dec;12(11):783-7 PMID: 2515218
  37. Effect of oral clonidine, insulin-induced hypoglycemia and exercise on plasma GHRH levels in short-stature children.
    Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1990 Jan;122(1):89-95 PMID: 2106191
  38. Measurement of growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin in hypothalamic-portal plasma of unanesthetized sheep. Spontaneous secretion and response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
    J Clin Invest. 1990 Jul;86(1):17-24 PMID: 1973173
  39. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia, L-dopa and arginine stimulate GH secretion through different mechanisms in man.
    Regul Pept. 1990 Oct 29;31(1):53-64 PMID: 2270318
  40. Effect of restricted feeding on the relationship between hypophysial portal concentrations of growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor and somatostatin, and jugular concentrations of GH in ovariectomized ewes.
    Endocrinology. 1991 Feb;128(2):1151-8 PMID: 1671214
  41. Involvement of brain catecholamines and acetylcholine in growth hormone deficiency states. Pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
    Drugs. 1991 Feb;41(2):161-77 PMID: 1709847
  42. Evidence that alpha 2-adrenergic pathways play a major role in growth hormone (GH) neuroregulation: alpha 2-adrenergic agonism counteracts the inhibitory effect of muscarinic cholinergic receptor blockade on the GH response to GH-releasing hormone, while alpha 2-adrenergic blockade diminishes the potentiating effect of increased cholinergic tone on such stimulation in normal men.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991 Aug;73(2):251-6 PMID: 1677361
  43. The interaction of growth hormone releasing hormone and somatostatin in the generation of a GH pulse in man.
    Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1991 Oct;35(4):353-60 PMID: 1684314
  44. Secretion of growth hormone releasing hormone in obese children.
    J Endocrinol Invest. 1992 Jun;15(6):453-7 PMID: 1401748
Article Info
Journal
The Journal of clinical investigation
Abbr.
J Clin Invest
ISSN
0021-9738
Published
1996-02-15
Pages
934-40
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7802877
PMCID
PMC507138
Subset
IM
Grants
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK-08729 · United States
NCRR NIH HHS · M01-RR0042-34S3 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R29-DK-38449 · United States
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com