Efficacy of various non-oily adjuvants in immunization against the Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus.

Standard oil and various non-oily adjuvants were compared for use in immunization against the Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus, both in mice and swine, and using either inactivated virions or purified glycoproteins as antigen. Mineral oil, sodium alginate, aluminium hydroxide, and saponin were assayed in mice as adjuvants for inactivated virions, saponin being the most efficient. The addition of Mab anti-CD3 did not improve either immune response or protection achieved in mice using viral particles with oil or sodium alginate. When purified glycoproteins were used as antigens, the use of ISCOM greatly enhanced specific T-cell responses and protection of mice. The incorporation of Mab anti-CD3 into ISCOM conferred 100% protection of mice. Surprisingly, when an ISCOM containing glycoproteins was assayed in swine in a single-dose trial, no improvement on the protection conferred by the oily adjuvant was observed.