Genetic and phenotypic analysis of thirteen essential genes in cytological interval 22F1-2; 23B1-2 reveals novel genes required for neural development in Drosophila.

In an attempt to identify mutations in the Drosophila synaptotagmin gene we have isolated many new rearrangements, point mutations and P element insertions in the 22F1-2; 23B1-2 cytological interval on chromosome arm 2L. This interval encompasses 13 cytological bands and is shown to contain 13 essential complementation groups, including decapentaplegic, synaptotagmin and Curly. Through chemical and P element mutagenesis we have isolated seven new deletions, which combined with previously isolated rearrangements, have allowed us to order most genes in the interval. A genomic walk covering approximately 100 kb within this interval spans at least five essential genes as identified by chromosomal aberrations. Preliminary phenotypic characterizations of the mutant phenotype and lethal phase is presented for many mutations. Three loci within this interval are shown to be required for proper neural development. Given that the average number of alleles per complementation group is greater than seven, it is very likely that all essential genes within this cytological interval have been identified.