Interaction of human monocyte Fc gamma receptors with rat IgG2b. A new indicator for the Fc gamma RIIa (R-H131) polymorphism.

Rat mAbs receive considerable interest for immunologic intervention in man. The rat IgG2b isotype has previously been found to be optimally active both in vivo and in vitro. We found that both a rat IgG2b CD3 mAb and a monovalent hybrid rat IgG2b-mouse IgG1 bispecific Ab triggered T cell activation in PBMC. Inhibition analyses with mAb blocking different human IgG Fc receptors (Fc gamma R) showed a dimorphic pattern. In donors expressing an Fc gamma RIIa-R/R131 allotype (previously defined on the basis of interaction with mouse (m) IgG1 as "high responder") anti-Fc gamma RI mAb 197 inhibited rat IgG2b induced T cell mitogenesis almost completely. In Fc gamma RIIa-H/H131 ("low responder" allotype) donors, however, both anti-Fc gamma RI mAb 197 and anti-Fc gamma RII mAb IV.3 were essential for optimal inhibition of mitogenesis. T cell proliferation experiments performed with the use of Fc gamma R-transfected fibroblasts as accessory cells showed the high affinity Fc gamma RIa (CD64) to interact with both rat IgG2b and rat IgG2b-mlgG1 hybrid CD3 mAb. The use of the two types of Fc gamma RIIa (CD32)-transfectants instead showed rat IgG2b CD3 mAb to interact solely with the IIa-H/H131 allotype. Interestingly, rat IgG2b-mlgG1 hybrid mAb did not interact effectively with this low affinity Fc gamma R. This suggests a requirement for only one rat IgG2b H chain for Fc gamma RIa-mediated binding, whereas two identical H chains seem to be necessary for proper interaction with Fc gamma RIIa. Ab-sensitized RBC-rosette experiments performed with the use of a rat IgG2b anti-NIP mAb confirmed the interaction pattern observed with rat CD3 mAb, supporting the phenomena to be isotype-, and not mAb-, dependent. These analyses point to a unique reactivity pattern for rat IgG2b Abs, interacting both with the high affinity Fc gamma RIa in all donors and Fc gamma RIIa of individuals expressing the IIa-H131 allotype.