Attenuation of stroke size in rats using an adenoviral vector to induce overexpression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in brain.

Adenoviruses have been proposed as potential vectors for gene therapy in the central nervous system, but there are no reports of their use in the treatment of a brain disease. Because central administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1ra) reduces ischemic brain damage, we determined whether a recombinant adenovirus vector carrying the human IL-1ra cDNA (Ad.RSVIL-1ra) could be used to ameliorate brain injury in permanent focal ischemia. Groups of six rats received intraventricular injections of Ad.RSVIL-1ra or a control adenovirus containing the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene (Ad.RSVlacZ). Histochemical staining for beta-galactosidase 5 days after virus injection indicated that transgene expression was confined primarily to the cells lining the ventricle. The concentrations of IL-1ra injected animals, achieving levels of 9.1 +/- 3.3 ng/g in brain and 23.7 +/- 22.5 ng/ml in CSF. In these animals, cerebral infarct volume resulting from 24 h of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was reduced 64%. These studies demonstrate that adenoviral vectors can be used to deliver genes that attenuate brain injury.