Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 7739552 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Synthetic lethality of sep1 (xrn1) ski2 and sep1 (xrn1) ski3 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is independent of killer virus and suggests a general role for these genes in translation control.

Molecular and cellular biology ·Vol. 15 ·No. 5 ·1995-05-00 ·Pages 2719-27

Johnson AW, Kolodner RD

Abstract

Strand exchange protein 1 (Sep1) (also referred to as exoribonuclease I [Xrn1]) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been implicated in DNA recombination, RNA turnover, karyogamy, and G4 DNA pairing among other disparate cellular processes. Using a genetic approach to study the role of SEP1/XRN1 in mitotic yeast cells, we identified mutations in the genes superkiller 2 (SKI2) and superkiller 3 (SKI3) as synthetically lethal with an sep1 null mutation. The SKI genes are thought to comprise an intracellular antiviral system controlling the expression of killer toxin from double-stranded RNA virus found in many yeast strains. However, the lethality of sep1 ski2 and sep1 ski3 mutants was independent of the L-A and M viruses, suggesting that the SKI genes act in a general cellular process in addition to virus control. We propose that Sep1/Xrn1 and Ski2 both act to block translation on transcripts targeted for degradation. Using a temperature-sensitive allele of SEP1/XRN1, we show that double mutants display a synthetic cell cycle arrest in late G1 at Start.

Related Genes
SEP1 SKI2 SKI3 XRN1
MeSH Terms
Base Sequence DNA Primers/genetics DNA, Fungal/genetics Deoxyribonucleases/genetics Exoribonucleases Fungal Proteins/genetics G1 Phase/genetics Genes, Fungal Genes, Lethal Molecular Sequence Data Mutation Phenotype Protein Biosynthesis Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology,genetics,virology Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Chemicals
DNA Primers DNA, Fungal Fungal Proteins SKI2 protein, S cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins Deoxyribonucleases Exoribonucleases XRN1 protein, S cerevisiae
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Johnson A W
Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kolodner R D
References (57)
57 references, click to expand
  1. Cloning by function: an alternative approach for identifying yeast homologs of genes from other organisms.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Sep;87(17):6629-33 PMID: 2204059
  2. Chromosomal superkiller mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    J Bacteriol. 1978 Dec;136(3):1002-7 PMID: 363683
  3. His-154 is involved in the linkage of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-A double-stranded RNA virus Gag protein to the cap structure of mRNAs and is essential for M1 satellite virus expression.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Apr;14(4):2664-74 PMID: 8139566
  4. kem mutations affect nuclear fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Genetics. 1990 Dec;126(4):799-812 PMID: 2076815
  5. Improved method for high efficiency transformation of intact yeast cells.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Mar 25;20(6):1425 PMID: 1561104
  6. DNA strand transfer protein beta from yeast mitotic cells differs from strand transfer protein alpha from meiotic cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1990 Jul 5;265(19):10968-73 PMID: 2141605
  7. Regulation and intracellular localization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strand exchange protein 1 (Sep1/Xrn1/Kem1), a multifunctional exonuclease.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1995 May;15(5):2728-36 PMID: 7739553
  8. Tales of poly(A): a review.
    Gene. 1990 Jul 16;91(2):151-8 PMID: 1976572
  9. An impaired RNA polymerase II activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes cell-cycle inhibition at START.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1993 Nov;241(3-4):327-34 PMID: 8246887
  10. Efficient translation of poly(A)-deficient mRNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Genes Dev. 1994 Nov 1;8(21):2629-40 PMID: 7958921
  11. Two chromosomal genes required for killing expression in killer strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Genetics. 1976 Mar 25;82(3):429-42 PMID: 773743
  12. An essential yeast gene with homology to the exonuclease-encoding XRN1/KEM1 gene also encodes a protein with exoribonuclease activity.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Jan;13(1):341-50 PMID: 8417335
  13. Polynucleotide phosphorylase and ribonuclease II are required for cell viability and mRNA turnover in Escherichia coli K-12.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jan;83(1):120-4 PMID: 2417233
  14. Fragments of the internal transcribed spacer 1 of pre-rRNA accumulate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking 5'----3' exoribonuclease 1.
    J Bacteriol. 1991 Nov;173(21):7024-8 PMID: 1938905
  15. The yeast KEM1 gene encodes a nuclease specific for G4 tetraplex DNA: implication of in vivo functions for this novel DNA structure.
    Cell. 1994 Jul 1;77(7):1083-92 PMID: 8020096
  16. Purification and characterization of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae exoribonuclease which yields 5'-mononucleotides by a 5' leads to 3' mode of hydrolysis.
    J Biol Chem. 1980 Apr 10;255(7):3080-5 PMID: 6244307
  17. Cap-dependent and cap-independent translation by internal initiation of mRNAs in cell extracts prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Nov;14(11):7322-30 PMID: 7935446
  18. Translation initiation and ribosomal biogenesis: involvement of a putative rRNA helicase and RPL46.
    Science. 1990 Mar 2;247(4946):1077-9 PMID: 2408148
  19. Circular single-stranded RNA replicon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Oct;87(19):7628-32 PMID: 1699230
  20. Renaturation of DNA by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein that catalyzes homologous pairing and strand exchange.
    J Biol Chem. 1988 Oct 15;263(29):15189-95 PMID: 3049603
  21. A pathway for generation and processing of double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination in S. cerevisiae.
    Cell. 1990 Jun 15;61(6):1089-101 PMID: 2190690
  22. Premature translational termination triggers mRNA decapping.
    Nature. 1994 Aug 18;370(6490):578-81 PMID: 8052314
  23. The sep1 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae arrests in pachytene and is deficient in meiotic recombination.
    Genetics. 1995 Feb;139(2):495-509 PMID: 7713413
  24. A turnover pathway for both stable and unstable mRNAs in yeast: evidence for a requirement for deadenylation.
    Genes Dev. 1993 Aug;7(8):1632-43 PMID: 8393418
  25. Characterization of insertion mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH1 and MSH2 genes: evidence for separate mitochondrial and nuclear functions.
    Genetics. 1992 Dec;132(4):975-85 PMID: 1334021
  26. Electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis of "killer" double-stranded RNA species from yeast.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Sep;75(9):4224-8 PMID: 360211
  27. Strand exchange protein 1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A novel multifunctional protein that contains DNA strand exchange and exonuclease activities.
    J Biol Chem. 1991 Jul 25;266(21):14046-54 PMID: 1856231
  28. Evidence that the SKI antiviral system of Saccharomyces cerevisiae acts by blocking expression of viral mRNA.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Jul;13(7):4331-41 PMID: 8321235
  29. Cloning and characterization of DST2, the gene for DNA strand transfer protein beta from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1991 May;11(5):2583-92 PMID: 1850100
  30. RPC82 encodes the highly conserved, third-largest subunit of RNA polymerase C (III) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Oct;12(10):4433-40 PMID: 1406632
  31. Recombination and RNA processing: a common strand?
    Trends Cell Biol. 1991 Nov;1(5):110-2 PMID: 14731541
  32. Basic local alignment search tool.
    J Mol Biol. 1990 Oct 5;215(3):403-10 PMID: 2231712
  33. Synthetic enhancement in gene interaction: a genetic tool come of age.
    Trends Genet. 1993 Oct;9(10):362-6 PMID: 8273152
  34. Isolation and characterization of RAT1: an essential gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae required for the efficient nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of mRNA.
    Genes Dev. 1992 Jul;6(7):1173-89 PMID: 1628825
  35. Molecular and genetic analysis of the gene encoding the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strand exchange protein Sep1.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1991 May;11(5):2593-608 PMID: 1840632
  36. Structure and nuclear localization signal of the SKI3 antiviral protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Yeast. 1989 May-Jun;5(3):149-58 PMID: 2660461
  37. Control of the yeast cell cycle by the Cdc28 protein kinase.
    Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1993 Apr;5(2):166-79 PMID: 8507488
  38. An exoribonuclease from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: effect of modifications of 5' end groups on the hydrolysis of substrates to 5' mononucleotides.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1978 Mar 30;81(2):656-61 PMID: 352351
  39. Misread protein creates membrane channels: an essential step in the bactericidal action of aminoglycosides.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Aug;83(16):6164-8 PMID: 2426712
  40. Deadenylation of the unstable mRNA encoded by the yeast MFA2 gene leads to decapping followed by 5'-->3' digestion of the transcript.
    Genes Dev. 1994 Apr 1;8(7):855-66 PMID: 7926773
  41. Characterization of the XRN1 gene encoding a 5'-->3' exoribonuclease: sequence data and analysis of disparate protein and mRNA levels of gene-disrupted yeast cells.
    Gene. 1992 Oct 12;120(1):51-7 PMID: 1398123
  42. Genetic recombination of homologous plasmids catalyzed by cell-free extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Cell. 1983 Dec;35(3 Pt 2):805-13 PMID: 6360380
  43. Host function of MAK16: G1 arrest by a mak16 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Aug;85(16):6007-11 PMID: 3045810
  44. Initiation by the yeast viral transcriptase in vitro.
    J Biol Chem. 1987 May 15;262(14):6785-7 PMID: 3553191
  45. Double-stranded and single-stranded RNA viruses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Annu Rev Microbiol. 1992;46:347-75 PMID: 1444259
  46. Superkiller mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppress exclusion of M2 double-stranded RNA by L-A-HN and confer cold sensitivity in the presence of M and L-A-HN.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Apr;4(4):761-70 PMID: 6371496
  47. Purification and characterization of an activity from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that catalyzes homologous pairing and strand exchange.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(16):5560-4 PMID: 3303029
  48. Sequence from picomole quantities of proteins electroblotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes.
    J Biol Chem. 1987 Jul 25;262(21):10035-8 PMID: 3611052
  49. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking the homologous pairing protein p175SEP1 arrest at pachytene during meiotic prophase.
    Chromosoma. 1994 Apr;103(2):129-41 PMID: 8055710
  50. The Sep1 strand exchange protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae promotes a paranemic joint between homologous DNA molecules.
    Genes Dev. 1994 Jun 1;8(11):1356-66 PMID: 7926736
  51. TAP1, a yeast gene that activates the expression of a tRNA gene with a defective internal promoter.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Jun;13(6):3424-33 PMID: 8497259
  52. Homologous pairing and DNA strand-exchange proteins.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1994;63:991-1043 PMID: 7979259
  53. The selection of S. cerevisiae mutants defective in the start event of cell division.
    Genetics. 1980 Jul;95(3):561-77 PMID: 7002718
  54. Yeast cells lacking 5'-->3' exoribonuclease 1 contain mRNA species that are poly(A) deficient and partially lack the 5' cap structure.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Aug;13(8):4826-35 PMID: 8336719
  55. The 5' end of yeast 5.8S rRNA is generated by exonucleases from an upstream cleavage site.
    EMBO J. 1994 May 15;13(10):2452-63 PMID: 7515008
  56. Mechanisms of mRNA degradation in eukaryotes.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1994 Aug;19(8):336-40 PMID: 7940679
  57. Accumulation of viruslike particles in a yeast mutant lacking a mitochondrial pore protein.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Mar;9(3):1100-8 PMID: 2657386
Article Info
Journal
Molecular and cellular biology
Abbr.
Mol Cell Biol
ISSN
0270-7306
DOI
10.1128/MCB.15.5.2719
Published
1995-05-00
Pages
2719-27
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
8109087
PMCID
PMC230502
Subset
IM
Grants
NCI NIH HHS · CA06516 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM13594 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM29383 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/MCB.15.5.2719 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2