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PMID: 7486348 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

A review of the role of efference copy in sensory and oculomotor control systems.

Annals of biomedical engineering ·Vol. 23 ·No. 4 ·1995-00-00 ·Pages 409-22

Bridgeman B

Abstract

Efference copy is an internal copy of a motor innervation. In the oculomotor system it provides the only extraretinal signal about eye position that is available without delay, and it is shown to be the most important extraretinal source of information for perceptual localization and motor activity. Efference copy accompanies all voluntary eye movements and some involuntary ones, including pursuits, saccades, and the fast phases of vestibular and optokinetic nystagmus. Not all eye movements are accompanied by an efference copy; its presence is determined by a movement's function, not it dynamics. Because the gain of the efference copy mechanism is less than 1, and it does not take account of oculomotor delays and kinematics, it is supplemented by other mechanisms in achieving space constancy. It functions differently for perception and for visually guided behavior. There is only one efference copy for both eyes, reflecting Hering's law, and it is subject to adaptation.

MeSH Terms
Adaptation, Physiological/physiology Animals Biomechanical Phenomena Dark Adaptation/physiology Eye Movements/physiology Humans Models, Biological Oculomotor Muscles/innervation,physiology Reference Values Saccades/physiology
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Bridgeman B
Program in Experimental Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064, USA.
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Article Info
Journal
Annals of biomedical engineering
Abbr.
Ann Biomed Eng
ISSN
0090-6964
DOI
10.1007/BF02584441
Published
1995-00-00
Pages
409-22
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0361512
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/BF02584441 View journal details
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