Nucleotide sequence and transcript map of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid-encoded octopine synthase gene.

We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for the crown gall enzyme, octopine synthase. The sequence was derived from cloned fragments of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid Ach5. It displayed a continuous open reading frame encoding a polypeptide chain of 358 amino acids. The nucleotide positions corresponding to the 5' end and poly(A) addition site of the mature octopine synthase mRNA from a tobacco tumor cell line were determined by S1 nuclease mapping. Two sequences closely resembling transcriptional control regions found in eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II were identified in the flanking genomic DNA: a sequence 5'-TATTTAAA-3' was located 32 base pairs upstream from the initiation site of transcription, and a hexanucleotide 5'-AATAAT-3' occurred 17 base pairs in front of the poly(A) addition site. No Shine-Dalgarno sequence was present in the untranslated 5' leader sequence. The observations indicate that this DNA sequence, although naturally carried by a bacterial plasmid, is programmed as a functional plant gene.