Transfer-deficient cointegrates of Flac and lambda prophage.

Twelve transfer-deficient mutants of the plasmid Flac were obtained by insertion of prophage lambda into secondary attachment sites within the transfer region. Insertions into eight different tra genes were identified. These mutations were strongly polar on expression of tra genes previously mapped "downstream", and thus confirmed that the genes traA through traD form a single operon. However, some continued expression of traI suggested that this was transcribed in part from a promoter located between traD and traI, and in part from the transfer operon promoter. One insertion early in the transfer operon produced a plasmid-specific tra mutation not complemented by R100-1 or R1-19: this insertion was into a new gene (traY), located before traA as the first member of the transfer operon. Partial tra deletion mutants were obtained as 42 degrees C--survivors from several of the Flac tra::ED lambda 4 plasmids, and their properties are described.