Ribosomal RNA gene amplification in Tetrahymena may be associated with chromosome breakage and DNA elimination.

The chromosomal DNA sequence adjacent to one end of the single ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) in the micronucleus of Tetrahymena has been isolated by cloning. Using this sequence as a hybridization probe the organization of the same sequence in the somatic macronucleus has been examined. The restriction enzyme digestion maps of this sequence in the two nuclei are very different. Detailed mapping studies suggest that a chromosome break has occurred near the junction between the rDNA and the neighboring sequence during the formation of the macronucleus. As a result the flanking sequence is located near a free chromosome end in the macronucleus. The existence of such a linear DNA end has also been shown by digestion with the exonuclease Bal 31. In addition to the breakage, some sequences at this junction are found to be eliminated from the macronucleus. This observation has been interpreted in relation to the mechanism of rDNA amplification, which in Tetrahymena generates extrachromosomal rDNA molecules during macronucleus development.