Axonal transport: a quantitative study of retained and transported protein fraction in the cat.

The fast axonal transport of proteins was studied in the cat sciatic nerve after injection of [3H]leucine into the spinal ganglion or the ventral horn of the seventh lumbar segment. The amount of transported proteins after ganglion injection was linearly related to the amount of label present at the ganglion. At variable intervals after ganglion or spinal cord injection, the sciatic nerves were sectioned in some experiments. The transport of proteins continued in the peripheral nerve stump in a wavelike manner, but the advancing wave leaves a labeled trail behind. A fraction of this trail corresponds to proteins moving at slower velocities than the velocity of proteins in the wave front. Another fraction of the trail corresponds to molecules retained by the axons. Each nerve segment of 5 mm in length retains 1.5% of the transported proteins, and the profile of retained proteins along the sciatic nerves follows a single exponential function. From the proportion of retained proteins, the concentration of transported proteins at the terminals of branching axons as a function of the branching ratio was estimated. In the case of motor axons innervating the soleus muscle of the cat, the concentration of recently transported proteins at the nerve terminals would be approximately 0.83% of the proteins leaving the spinal cord. This low concentration of transported proteins at the nerve terminals may explain the lability of neuromuscular synapses when axonal transport is decreased or interrupted.